McLeod P
Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford, UK.
Perception. 1987;16(1):49-59. doi: 10.1068/p160049.
Laboratory measures of visual reaction time suggest that some aspects of high-speed ball games such as cricket are 'impossible' because there is insufficient time for the player to respond to unpredictable movements of the ball. Given the success with which some people perform these supposedly impossible acts, it has been assumed by some commentators that laboratory measures of reaction time are not applicable to skilled performers. An analysis of high-speed film of international cricketers batting on a specially prepared pitch which produced unpredictable movement of the ball is reported, and it is shown that, when batting, highly skilled professional cricketers show reaction times of around 200 ms, times similar to those found in traditional laboratory studies. Furthermore, professional cricketers take roughly as long as casual players to pick up ball flight information from film of bowlers. These two sets of results suggest that the dramatic contrast between the ability of skilled and unskilled sportsmen to act on the basis of visual information does not lie in differences in the speed of operation of the perceptual system. It lies in the organisation of the motor system that uses the output of the perceptual system.
视觉反应时间的实验室测量结果表明，像板球这样的高速球类运动的某些方面是“不可能的”，因为球员没有足够的时间对球的不可预测运动做出反应。鉴于有些人成功地完成了这些看似不可能的动作，一些评论家认为反应时间的实验室测量不适用于熟练的表演者。本文报道了对国际板球运动员在专门准备的球场上击球的高速影片的分析，该球场会使球产生不可预测的运动，结果表明，在击球时，技术高超的职业板球运动员的反应时间约为200毫秒，这与传统实验室研究中的反应时间相似。此外，职业板球运动员从投球手的影片中获取球飞行信息的时间与业余球员大致相同。这两组结果表明，熟练和不熟练运动员基于视觉信息采取行动的能力之间的巨大差异并不在于感知系统运行速度的不同。它在于使用感知系统输出的运动系统的组织方式。
