Fei Liwei, Guo Junjie, Liu Wenbo, Ma Anlingyang, Wang Min, Ling Ning, Guo Shiwei
Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
J Sci Food Agric. 2023 Mar 30;103(5):2357-2366. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.12452. Epub 2023 Feb 10.
Reasonable nitrogen (N) supply is critical for increasing rice yield while improving grain quality and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, the trade-off relationship between yield, quality and NUE of rice under N management has not been well understood enough. In the present study, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to identify optimal N fertilizer management practices that resulted in high-yield, high-quality and high-NUE by using the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) with entropy weight (EW) method.
All the parameters of rice yield, quality and efficiency were remarkably affected by fertilization treatments. Compared with farmer's fertilization practice (FFP), optimizing N fertilizer treatment (OPT) and substituting 20% of N fertilizer with pig manure based on OPT treatment (OPTM) increased grain yield (2.87-6.62%) by maintaining higher 1000-grain weight and filled grains rate. The agronomic NUE (AE) and N partial factor productivity (PFP) under OPT and OPTM treatment were also remarkably increased by 32.81-43.01% and 28.59-33.28% with respect to the value under FFP treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, OPT and OPTM significantly improved the milling quality of rice by increasing brown rice rate (0.71-1.17%) and head rice rate (1.34-2.31%). OPT and OPTM significantly improved appearance quality by decreasing chalkiness and eating quality by reducing amylose content in 2020. The TOPSIS with EW showed that rice comprehensive evaluation could be maintained at a high level under OPT and OPTM.
OPT and OPTM were nutrient management modes of high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency, and promising practice to improve rice comprehensive productivity. This strategy is also highly-consistent with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
合理的氮素供应对于提高水稻产量、改善稻米品质以及氮素利用效率（NUE）至关重要。然而，在氮素管理下，水稻产量、品质和氮素利用效率之间的权衡关系尚未得到充分理解。在本研究中，进行了为期两年的田间试验，通过使用基于熵权法的逼近理想解排序法（TOPSIS）来确定能够实现高产、优质和高氮素利用效率的最佳氮肥管理措施。
施肥处理对水稻产量、品质和效率的所有参数均有显著影响。与农民常规施肥方式（FFP）相比，优化氮肥处理（OPT）以及在OPT处理基础上用猪粪替代20%氮肥的处理（OPTM）通过保持较高的千粒重和结实率，使稻谷产量提高了（2.87 - 6.62%）。OPT和OPTM处理下的农学氮素利用效率（AE）和氮素偏生产力（PFP）相对于FFP处理的值也分别显著提高了32.81 - 43.01%和28.59 - 33.28%。同时，OPT和OPTM通过提高糙米率（0.71 - 1.17%）和整精米率（1.34 - 2.31%）显著改善了水稻的加工品质。OPT和OPTM在2020年通过降低垩白显著改善了外观品质，并通过降低直链淀粉含量改善了食味品质。基于熵权法的TOPSIS分析表明，OPT和OPTM处理下水稻的综合评价能够维持在较高水平。
OPT和OPTM是高产、优质、高效的养分管理模式，是提高水稻综合生产力的可行措施。该策略也与联合国可持续发展目标高度一致。© 2023化学工业协会。
