Minor painful procedures in extremely preterm infants admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit: Opportunities to improve pain mitigation.

AIM

This study aims to characterise current pain management practices in extremely preterm infants (gestational age less than or equal to 28 weeks) admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

METHODS

Retrospective audit pertaining to patient characteristics, as well as minor painful procedures (MPP), pain mitigation and pain scoring in 25 extremely preterm infants admitted to a tertiary NICU in 2016 over the first 14 days of NICU admission. Opportunities to bundle MPP were identified according to pre-specified criteria. Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition (BSID-III) cognitive, language and motor composite scores were available from the neurodevelopmental follow-up clinic at 12- and 24-months of corrected age. Linear mixed methods regression was used to examine for correlation between increased exposure to MPP and BSID-III scores at follow-up.

RESULTS

Extremely preterm infants underwent an average of 11.24 ± 4.12 MPP per day for the first 14 days of NICU admission. Opportunities to bundle MPP were missed 75.98% (408/537) of the time; most of these were invasive blood collections. A total of 12.2% (481/3933) of MPP occurred within 4 h of pharmacological or non-pharmacological pain mitigation. BSID-III motor composite score was associated with an 11.75 (95% confidence interval 1.99, 21.27) decrease in patients experiencing more than or equal to the third quartile of MPP in the 14 days post-NICU admission (P = 0.0329, n = 42). Association was not found for BSID-III cognitive and language composite scores.

CONCLUSIONS

There is readily scope for quality improvement initiatives to reduce harm in extremely preterm infants admitted to NICU.