Li Wenbo, Yu Hongyu, Zhang Yanli, Li Bing, Fu Mingshu
Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
Department of Dermatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jan 11;13:1095905. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1095905. eCollection 2022.
In China, some patients avoid seeking medical care and are highly sensitive to subsequent medical care because of fear of possible hospitalization after a diagnosis has been established. Early identification of fear of hospitalization is essential for clinical staff to develop targeted education and interventions. However, there are currently no tools to assess outpatients' fear of hospitalization in mainland China. This study aimed to translate the Fear of Hospitalization (FH) scale into Chinese and verify its reliability and validity in outpatients.
Through convenience sampling, 664 outpatients who required hospitalization were recruited from two cities in Liaoning Province, China. The reliability of the translated scale was measured by internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability. The validity of the translated scale was evaluated by expert consultation, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) and AMOS 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States).
The Cronbach's α value of the Chinese version of the FH scale was 0.849, and the Cronbach's α value of the dimensions ranged from 0.857 to 0.902. The test-retest reliability value of 0.868 shows good temporal stability. The split-half reliability value of 0.910 indicates a high degree of measuring the same content. The content validity index of the scale (S-CVI) was 0.924, indicating a good level of content validity. The 3-factor structure supported by eigenvalues, total variance explained, and scree plot was obtained using exploratory factor analysis. In addition, all recommended fit indicators were within the acceptable range by confirmatory factor analysis.
The Chinese version of the FH scale is valid and reliable in outpatients. The developed three-factor structured scale will help identify outpatients with a high fear of hospitalization and can inform the development of educational intervention plans for care managers, physicians, and nurses. In addition, it helps clinicians and nurses take action to reduce this fear of hospitalization in patients and prevent avoidance of using health care services due to fear of hospitalization.
在中国，一些患者因担心确诊后可能需要住院而避免就医，并且对后续医疗护理高度敏感。早期识别对住院的恐惧对于临床工作人员制定有针对性的教育和干预措施至关重要。然而，目前中国大陆尚无评估门诊患者对住院恐惧的工具。本研究旨在将住院恐惧（FH）量表翻译成中文，并验证其在门诊患者中的信效度。
通过便利抽样，从中国辽宁省的两个城市招募了664名需要住院治疗的门诊患者。通过内部一致性、分半信度和重测信度来测量翻译后量表的信度。通过专家咨询、探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析来评估翻译后量表的效度。使用SPSS 25.0（美国纽约州阿蒙克市IBM公司）和AMOS 23.0（美国纽约州阿蒙克市IBM公司）对数据进行分析。
中文版FH量表的Cronbach's α值为0.849，各维度的Cronbach's α值在0.857至0.902之间。重测信度值为0.868，显示出良好的时间稳定性。分半信度值为0.910，表明对相同内容的测量程度较高。量表的内容效度指数（S-CVI）为0.924，表明内容效度水平良好。通过探索性因素分析获得了由特征值、总方差解释和碎石图支持的三因素结构。此外，验证性因素分析显示所有推荐的拟合指标均在可接受范围内。
中文版FH量表在门诊患者中有效且可靠。所开发的三因素结构量表将有助于识别对住院高度恐惧的门诊患者，并可为护理管理者、医生和护士制定教育干预计划提供参考。此外，它有助于临床医生和护士采取行动减轻患者对住院的恐惧，并防止因害怕住院而避免使用医疗服务。
