Badrasawi Manal, Altamimi Mohammad, Zidan Souzan, Illner Anne-Kathrin, Aleksandrova Krasimira
Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebron University, Hebron, Palestine.
Front Nutr. 2023 Jan 11;9:982420. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.982420. eCollection 2022.
Middle Eastern Mediterranean diet (MEMD) is a traditional plant-based diet that is commonly consumed and increasingly popular, but not well studied in nutrition research. To facilitate the dietary assessment of MEMD, we developed and validated a photographic food atlas depicting a variety of foods and dishes consumed in the MEM region.
The photographic food atlas included 1,002 photos of 400 types of foods and traditional dishes photographed characterizing MEMD. Foods and dishes were prepared by a professional cook and were subsequently photographed as a series of photos depicting portion size options. In a validation study, 45 individuals aged 20-50 years were recruited to assess portion size estimation of 25 representative food-photo series for each item. The validity of portion size estimation was assessed by comparing actual and reported estimates using Pearson or Spearman correlation tests. Sizes of the differences between estimated portions and the actual served portion sizes were calculate as mean differences and standard deviations.
In the validation study, there was a strong correlation ( > 0.7) between estimated portion size of actual foods for 7 food items, such as pita bread, milk, , and tomatoes, a moderate correlation (< 0.5 | | < 0.7) for 12 items, such as meat, chicken, and grapes, and weak correlation ( < 0.3) for 6 items, such as seeds. Underestimation of portion sizes was more commonly observed for food items quantified when using "grams" or "milliliters" as a unit of measurement. In contrast, when household measurements were used, the participants tended to overestimate the portion sizes of respective foods and dishes.
We developed and validated a photographic food atlas depicting a wide variety of foods and dishes typical for the MEMD. The application of the photographic food atlas may facilitate the accurate assessment of adherence to MEMD and support the understanding of its health and sustainability aspects. Further methodological work is warranted to extend the list of food items and to evaluate the validity of the food atlas among larger and more heterogeneous groups of participants.
中东地中海饮食（MEMD）是一种传统的以植物为基础的饮食，人们普遍食用且越来越受欢迎，但在营养研究中尚未得到充分研究。为了便于对MEMD进行饮食评估，我们开发并验证了一本摄影食物图谱，描绘了中东地区食用的各种食物和菜肴。
摄影食物图谱包含400种食物和传统菜肴的1002张照片，这些照片描绘了MEMD的特征。食物和菜肴由专业厨师制作，随后拍摄一系列展示份量选择的照片。在一项验证研究中，招募了45名年龄在20至50岁之间的个体，以评估25个代表性食物照片系列中每个项目的份量估计。通过使用Pearson或Spearman相关性检验比较实际估计值和报告估计值来评估份量估计的有效性。计算估计份量与实际提供份量之间差异的大小，以均值差异和标准差表示。
在验证研究中，7种食物（如皮塔饼、牛奶、西红柿）的实际食物估计份量之间存在强相关性（>0.7），12种食物（如肉、鸡肉、葡萄）存在中度相关性（<0.5 || <0.7），6种食物（如种子）存在弱相关性（<0.3）。当使用“克”或“毫升”作为计量单位时，对于定量食物项目，份量估计不足更为常见。相比之下，当使用家庭计量单位时，参与者往往高估了各自食物和菜肴的份量。
我们开发并验证了一本摄影食物图谱，描绘了MEMD中典型的各种食物和菜肴。摄影食物图谱的应用可能有助于准确评估对MEMD的依从性，并支持对其健康和可持续性方面的理解。有必要开展进一步的方法学工作，以扩展食物项目列表，并在更大和更具异质性的参与者群体中评估食物图谱的有效性。
