Rabie C J, Du Preez J J, Hayes J P
Research Institute for Nutritional Diseases, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg.
Poult Sci. 1987 Jul;66(7):1123-8. doi: 10.3382/ps.0661123.
The toxicity of corn culture material of Diplodia maydis to ducklings, chicken broilers, and laying hens was investigated. Screening trials in ducklings using a 50% dietary concentration of D. maydis culture material showed that thirteen out of sixteen isolates obtained from different corn samples from South Africa as well as ones from the US and Argentina were highly toxigenic. Culture material of two isolates added as 20, 10, and 5% of the diet also proved to be toxic in ducklings. Incorporation of D. maydis culture material of two different South African isolates at 5%, 2% and 1% dietary concentrations in broilers resulted in significantly poorer weight gains. These isolates, both capable of inducing diplodiosis in ruminants and both acutely toxic in ducklings, nevertheless differed significantly in their toxigenic effect in broilers. Feeding of 5% culture material to laying hens for 7 days resulted in a drastic (43%) drop in egg production. Even at a .5% dietary level, egg production as well as egg weights of laying hens were significantly reduced. These results show that the regular and widespread occurrence of D. maydis in South African corn may be of economic importance in the poultry industry.
研究了玉米赤霉（Diplodia maydis）玉米培养物对雏鸭、肉鸡和蛋鸡的毒性。在雏鸭中进行的筛选试验表明，从南非以及美国和阿根廷不同玉米样品中获得的16个分离株中有13个在日粮中添加50%玉米赤霉培养物时具有高毒性。以日粮的20%、10%和5%添加两种分离株的培养物，在雏鸭中也被证明具有毒性。在肉鸡日粮中以5%、2%和1%的浓度添加两种不同南非分离株的玉米赤霉培养物，导致体重增加显著较差。这两种分离株都能够在反刍动物中引起赤霉病，并且在雏鸭中都具有急性毒性，然而它们在肉鸡中的毒性作用却有显著差异。给蛋鸡饲喂5%的培养物7天，导致产蛋量急剧下降（43%）。即使在日粮水平为0.5%时，蛋鸡的产蛋量和蛋重也显著降低。这些结果表明，玉米赤霉在南非玉米中经常普遍出现可能对家禽业具有经济重要性。
