Moeintaghavi Amir, Akbari Afsaneh, Rezaeetalab Fariba
Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
J Adv Periodontol Implant Dent. 2022 Aug 6;14(2):97-103. doi: 10.34172/japid.2022.010. eCollection 2022.
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting structures. Current data suggest that periodontal disease may be a risk factor for asthma. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of periodontitis and its relationship with the severity of asthma in asthmatic patients. This study was conducted on 70 newly diagnosed asthmatic patients as the case group and 70 healthy subjects as the control group, aged 20‒50. The asthma was diagnosed by a pulmonologist according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guideline. All the participants underwent peri-odontal examinations, which included measuring the pocket depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), gingi-val index (GI), and plaque index (PI) in one tooth from each sextant, including the incisor/canine and left and right premolar/molar regions for both the maxillary and mandibular dental arches. Periodontal disease was significantly more prevalent in newly diagnosed asthma patients. Patients with asthma had significantly higher PI, GI, PD, and AL scores (P<0.001). Furthermore, dry mouth in asthmatic patients with cough and mucosal changes in asthmatic patients with wheeze were significantly more common than in non-asthmatic patients (P<0.05). The median AL in wheezing patients and the median AL and PD in participants who had asthma attacks within the previous month were significantly higher than in other patients. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between AL with Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) and PD with FEV1 and FVC. Our results showed that periodontal diseases were more prevalent in newly diagnosed asthmatic patients, and asthma was more severe in periodontitis patients.
牙周炎是一种牙齿支持结构的炎症性疾病。目前的数据表明，牙周疾病可能是哮喘的一个危险因素。本研究旨在评估哮喘患者中牙周炎的患病率及其与哮喘严重程度的关系。本研究以70名新诊断的哮喘患者作为病例组，70名健康受试者作为对照组，年龄在20至50岁之间。哮喘由肺科医生根据全球哮喘防治创议（GINA）指南进行诊断。所有参与者均接受了牙周检查，包括测量每个牙弓的六个分区中各一颗牙齿的牙周袋深度（PD）、附着丧失（AL）、牙龈指数（GI）和菌斑指数（PI），包括上颌和下颌牙弓的切牙/尖牙以及左右前磨牙/磨牙区域。新诊断的哮喘患者中牙周疾病的患病率显著更高。哮喘患者的PI、GI、PD和AL评分显著更高（P<0.001）。此外，有咳嗽的哮喘患者口干和有喘息的哮喘患者黏膜改变比非哮喘患者更常见（P<0.05）。喘息患者的中位AL以及前一个月内有哮喘发作的参与者的中位AL和PD显著高于其他患者。此外，AL与一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）和用力肺活量（FVC）之间以及PD与FEV1和FVC之间存在显著负相关。我们的结果表明，新诊断的哮喘患者中牙周疾病更普遍，而牙周炎患者的哮喘更严重。
