Böckelmann Irina, Zavgorodnii Igor, Litovchenko Olena, Kapustnyk Valerij, Thielmann Beatrice
Bereich Arbeitsmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Deutschland.
Lehrstuhl für Hygiene und Ökologie No 2, Nationale Medizinische Universität Charkiw, Charkiw, Ukraine.
Zentralbl Arbeitsmed Arbeitsschutz Ergon. 2023;73(2):64-74. doi: 10.1007/s40664-022-00492-8. Epub 2023 Jan 23.
Mental stress of anesthesiologists and intensive care physicians is varied and complex. Overcommitment (OC) is characterized by an excessive tendency to professional commitment, which can lead to psychological stress and consequently to psychological disorders, such as burnout. The prevalence of burnout among intensive care physicians is internationally widespread. The aim of this study was to determine OC and gratification among Ukrainian anesthesia and intensive care physicians during the SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic and to analyze the risk of burnout in this professional group, and the associations between OC and burnout.
A total of 73 Ukrainian male (47.9%) and female (52.1%) intensive care physicians participated in the survey. The mean age was 39.8 ± 10.94 years (range 23-78 years). In addition to sociodemographic and occupational data, occupational gratification was collected using the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire with additional questions on OC, and the Maslach burnout inventory (MBI). Participants were classified and compared into groups with different OC (< 16 points and ≥ 16 points).
Of the participants 75% (55) could be classified into a group with OC < 16 points, and 18 presented an elevated OC. A significant difference in effort (13.9 ± 4.1 vs. 17.2 ± 3.6 points; = 0.003) and ERI ratio (0.58 ± 0.2 vs. 0.77 ± 0.2; = 0.006) was found between these two groups. In the group with OC ≥ 16 points, 50% of participants reported high emotional exhaustion (vs. 12.7% with OC < 16 points; = 0.002), but also high performance (61.1% vs. 32.7%; = 0.005). Overall, a burnout prevalence of 2.7% was found in the total sample, with both subjects represented in the OC < 16 points group. Higher emotional exhaustion was associated with higher OC, higher effort, and lower reward.
The study results showed high emotional exhaustion among subjects with high overcommitment and three quarters of the respondents showed symptoms of burnout. For this reason, health promotion measures and prevention should be offered to counteract the high stresses during the pandemic. These should include relationship and behavioral prevention.
麻醉医生和重症监护医生的精神压力多种多样且复杂。过度投入（OC）的特征是职业投入过度倾向，这可能导致心理压力，进而引发心理障碍，如职业倦怠。重症监护医生中职业倦怠的患病率在国际上普遍存在。本研究的目的是确定乌克兰麻醉和重症监护医生在新冠疫情期间的过度投入和满足感，并分析该专业群体中职业倦怠的风险，以及过度投入与职业倦怠之间的关联。
共有73名乌克兰重症监护医生参与了调查，其中男性占47.9%（35名），女性占52.1%（38名）。平均年龄为39.8±10.94岁（范围23 - 78岁）。除社会人口学和职业数据外，使用努力 - 回报失衡（ERI）问卷及关于过度投入的附加问题和马氏职业倦怠量表（MBI）收集职业满足感。参与者被分为不同过度投入程度的组（<16分和≥16分）并进行比较。
75%（55名）的参与者可被归类为过度投入<16分的组，18名表现出过度投入升高。两组在努力程度（13.9±4.1分对17.2±3.6分；P = 0.003）和ERI比率（0.58±0.2对0.77±0.2；P = 0.006）上存在显著差异。在过度投入≥16分的组中，50%的参与者报告有高情感耗竭（过度投入<16分的组为12.7%；P = 0.002），但也有高成就感（61.1%对32.7%；P = 0.005）。总体而言，总样本中职业倦怠患病率为2.7%，两个过度投入组均有病例。更高的情感耗竭与更高的过度投入、更高的努力程度和更低的回报相关。
研究结果显示，过度投入高的受试者情感耗竭程度高，四分之三的受访者有职业倦怠症状。因此，应提供健康促进措施和预防措施，以应对疫情期间的高压力。这些措施应包括人际关系和行为预防。
