工作压力与回报失衡、心理健康与职业群体的倦怠：精神压力面面观。
Effort-Reward Imbalance, Mental Health and Burnout in Occupational Groups That Face Mental Stress.
机构信息
Department of Occupational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany (Diekmann, Prof Böckelmann, Karlsen, Dr Thielmann); Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (Karlsen); Institute for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany (Lux).
出版信息
J Occup Environ Med. 2020 Oct;62(10):847-852. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001978.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between mental health, effort-reward imbalance, intrinsic overcommitment and burnout in occupational groups that face mental stress.
METHODS
Three hundred forty-six people aged 43.8 ± 9.9 years in professions characterized by mental strain (medical assistants, nurses, bank employees, teachers) were surveyed. The Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, overcommitment, General Health Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used.
RESULTS
There were occupational group-specific differences. Nurses showed the highest effort-reward imbalance, the highest impaired mental health and risk of burnout. The intrinsic overcommitment was highest among teachers. Gender and work experience had no influence, but there were some differences in age.
CONCLUSIONS
The occupational groups we studied experience stress differently. They would benefit from the establishment of general conditions to improve the management of stress in the workplace. The focus should be on improving mental health.
目的
本研究旨在探讨精神压力职业人群中心理健康、努力-回报失衡、内在过度投入和倦怠之间的相互作用。
方法
对 346 名年龄为 43.8±9.9 岁、从事易产生精神压力职业（医疗助理、护士、银行员工、教师）的人员进行了调查。采用努力-回报失衡问卷、过度投入、一般健康问卷和马斯拉赫倦怠量表进行调查。
结果
不同职业群体存在特定差异。护士表现出最高的努力-回报失衡、最严重的心理健康受损和倦怠风险。教师的内在过度投入最高。性别和工作经验没有影响，但年龄存在一些差异。
结论
我们研究的职业群体经历的压力不同。他们将受益于建立一般条件，以改善工作场所的压力管理。重点应放在改善心理健康上。
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