Freilinger G, Gruber H, Happak W, Pechmann U
Department of Plastic Surgery, 2nd Surgical University Clinic, Vienna, Austria.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 1987 Nov;80(5):686-90. doi: 10.1097/00006534-198711000-00005.
Mimic muscles are arranged in four layers regarding their origins, and these four layers should be considered when muscle tissue is added or lifted. All mimic muscles are built up by parallel fibers. Mean values of length, width, and thickness of the three lip elevators have been determined. These data might be of importance when dealing with this muscle system, which appears rather different from all other muscles in the human. The individual muscles receive their innervating facial nerve branches from their deeper surface when they belong to the superficial (first, second, or third) layer and from outside when they lie in the deepest (fourth) layer. Nerve branches communicate at least four times before innervating their respective muscles.
表情肌根据其起点可分为四层，在添加或提起肌肉组织时应考虑这四层。所有表情肌均由平行纤维构成。已测定了三块提唇肌的长度、宽度和厚度的平均值。在处理这个与人体所有其他肌肉有显著不同的肌肉系统时，这些数据可能具有重要意义。当各肌肉属于浅（第一、第二或第三）层时，其支配的面神经分支来自其更深的表面；而当它们位于最深（第四）层时，支配分支则来自外部。神经分支在支配各自的肌肉之前至少会进行四次沟通。
