Emergence of lnu(C) variant conferring lincomycin resistance in Campylobacter coli of chicken origin.

Lincomycin is widely used in respiratory and gastrointestinal infection in veterinary medicine and food animal production. Campylobacter members are vital foodborne pathogens causing campylobacteriosis, and the resistance to lincosamides is seldom reported. To date, only the rRNA methyltransferase Erm(B) has been confirmed to be associated with lincosamides resistance in Campylobacter. In this study, we identified a lnu(C) variant conferring lincomycin resistance in this pathogen of chicken origin. The Lnu(C) encoded by this gene variant showed substitution at position 8 (Asn8Lys), 11 (Phe11Leu) and 112 (Leu112Phe), when compared with the firstly reported Lnu(C) from Streptococcus agalactiae. Cloning of the lnu(C) variant into lincosamide-susceptible Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 confirmed its function in conferring resistance to lincomycin with the 32-fold increased MICs. Sequencing analysis showed that the lnu(C) variant was located within a MTnSag1-like transposon together with insLNU, which is inserted between panB and cj0299 genes on the chromosome. lnu(C) gene was distributed among C. coli globally, and various STs were involved in the dissemination of lnu(C). Although transposition mediated by MTnSag1-like transposon failed to occur, the horizontal transfer mediated by natural transformation and reservoir for resistance genes may facilitate their adaptation to the antimicrobial selection pressure in chickens, which should not be ignored.