Wei Xiaoqin, Narasimhan Harish, Zhu Bibo, Sun Jie
Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; email:
Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Annu Rev Immunol. 2023 Apr 26;41:277-300. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101921-040450. Epub 2023 Jan 30.
Emerging and re-emerging respiratory viral infections pose a tremendous threat to human society, as exemplified by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Upon viral invasion of the respiratory tract, the host initiates coordinated innate and adaptive immune responses to defend against the virus and to promote repair of the damaged tissue. However, dysregulated host immunity can also cause acute morbidity, hamper lung regeneration, and/or lead to chronic tissue sequelae. Here, we review our current knowledge of the immune mechanisms regulating antiviral protection, host pathogenesis, inflammation resolution, and lung regeneration following respiratory viral infections, mainly using influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 infections as examples. We hope that this review sheds light on future research directions to elucidate the cellular and molecular cross talk regulating host recovery and to pave the way to the development of pro-repair therapeutics to augment lung regeneration following viral injury.
新出现和再次出现的呼吸道病毒感染对人类社会构成了巨大威胁，目前正在肆虐的新冠疫情就是例证。病毒侵入呼吸道后，宿主会启动协调的先天性和适应性免疫反应，以抵御病毒并促进受损组织的修复。然而，宿主免疫失调也会导致急性发病、阻碍肺再生和/或引发慢性组织后遗症。在此，我们主要以流感病毒和新冠病毒感染为例，综述我们目前对呼吸道病毒感染后调节抗病毒保护、宿主发病机制、炎症消退和肺再生的免疫机制的认识。我们希望这篇综述能为未来的研究方向提供启示，以阐明调节宿主恢复的细胞和分子相互作用，并为开发促进修复的疗法铺平道路，以增强病毒损伤后的肺再生。
