Sen Chaudhuri Arka, Sun Jie
Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Chin Med J Pulm Crit Care Med. 2024 Dec 18;2(4):214-223. doi: 10.1016/j.pccm.2024.11.006. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Recent scientific breakthroughs have blurred traditional boundaries between innate and adaptive immunity, revealing a sophisticated network of tissue-resident cells that deliver immediate, localized immune responses. These lymphocytes not only provide rapid frontline defense but also present a paradoxical role in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and the long-term tissue consequences of viral infections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This review traverses the intricate landscape of lung-resident lymphocytes, delving into their origins, diverse functions, and their dualistic impact on pulmonary health. We dissect their interactions with the microenvironment and the regulatory mechanisms guiding their activity, with an emphasis on their contribution to both immune protection and immunopathology. This review aims to elucidate the complex narrative of these cells, enhancing our understanding of the development of precise therapeutic strategies to combat acute and chronic pulmonary diseases. Through this exploration, the review aspires to shed light on the potential of harnessing lung-resident lymphocytes for the treatment of respiratory conditions.
近期的科学突破模糊了固有免疫和适应性免疫之间的传统界限，揭示了一个由组织驻留细胞构成的复杂网络，这些细胞可产生即时的局部免疫反应。这些淋巴细胞不仅提供快速的一线防御，而且在哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肺纤维化等呼吸系统疾病的发病机制以及包括严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）在内的病毒感染的长期组织后果中扮演着矛盾的角色。本综述探讨了肺驻留淋巴细胞的复杂情况，深入研究它们的起源、多样的功能以及它们对肺部健康的双重影响。我们剖析它们与微环境的相互作用以及指导其活动的调节机制，重点关注它们对免疫保护和免疫病理学的贡献。本综述旨在阐明这些细胞的复杂情况，增进我们对制定精确治疗策略以对抗急慢性肺部疾病的理解。通过这一探索，本综述希望揭示利用肺驻留淋巴细胞治疗呼吸系统疾病的潜力。
