布瓦凯城市低地疟疾传播不均衡的昆虫学驱动因素，科特迪瓦。

Entomological drivers of uneven malaria transmission in urban lowland areas in Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.

机构信息

MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier, France.

Institut Pierre Richet, Institut National de Santé Publique, 01 BP 1500, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.

出版信息

Malar J. 2023 Jan 31;22(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s12936-023-04457-x.

DOI:10.1186/s12936-023-04457-x

PMID:36717848

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9887790/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The use of urban lowlands for agriculture contributes to the food security of city- dwellers, but promotes malaria transmission. The objective of the study was to characterize the entomological drivers of malaria transmission in two lowlands (N'Gattakro and Odiennekourani) in the city of Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.

METHODS

The human landing catch technique was used to capture mosquitoes in houses located at the edge of two lowlands in Bouaké from February to December 2019. Cultivated surfaces were calculated monthly in both lowlands for each crop type (rice and market gardening) using images acquired by a drone. The different mosquito species were identified morphologically and by PCR analysis for the Anopheles gambiae complex. Anopheles infection by Plasmodium parasites was assessed by quantitative PCR. Mosquito diversity, biting behaviour and rhythmicity, and malaria transmission were determined in each lowland and compared.

RESULTS

Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) was predominant in N'Gattakro and Culex quinquefasciatus in Odiennekourani. Four Anopheles species were identified: An. gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus s.l. in both lowlands, Anopheles pharoensis in N'Gattakro, and Anopheles ziemanni in Odiennekourani. Within the An. gambiae complex, three species were caught: An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.), Anopheles coluzzii, and Anopheles arabiensis for the first time in Côte d'Ivoire (30.1%, 69.9% and 0% in N'Gattakro, and 45.1%, 52.6% and 2.4% in Odiennekourani, respectively). Anopheles gambiae s.l. species exhibited a significant exophagic behaviour in N'Gattakro (77.1% of outdoor bites versus 52.2% in Odiennekourani). In N'Gattakro, 12.6% of captures occurred before bedtime (09.00 pm) and after waking up (05.00 am), 15.1% in Odiennekourani. The mean human biting rate was higher in N'Gattakro than in Odiennekourani (61.6 versus 15.5 bites per person per night). Overall, Anopheles infection rate was 0.68%, with 0.539 and 0.029 infected bites per person per night in N'Gattakro and Odiennekourani, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The risk of malaria in urban agricultural lowland areas is uneven. The role of agricultural developments and irrigation patterns in the production of larval habitat should be explored. The exophagic behaviour of Anopheles vectors raises the question of the residual transmission that needs to be assessed to implement appropriate control strategies.

摘要

背景

城市低地用于农业有助于城市居民的粮食安全，但也促进了疟疾的传播。本研究的目的是描述科特迪瓦布瓦凯市两个低地（N'Gattakro 和 Odiennekourani）中疟疾传播的昆虫学驱动因素。

方法

2019 年 2 月至 12 月，使用人体诱捕技术在布瓦凯两个低地边缘的房屋中捕获蚊子。使用无人机拍摄的图像，每月计算两个低地中每种作物类型（水稻和蔬菜园艺）的耕地面积。通过形态学和 PCR 分析鉴定不同的蚊子种类，用于冈比亚按蚊复合体。通过定量 PCR 评估疟原虫感染。在每个低地中确定蚊子多样性、叮咬行为和节律以及疟疾传播情况，并进行比较。

结果

在 N'Gattakro 中，冈比亚按蚊复合体（s.l.）占优势，在 Odiennekourani 中，库蚊占优势。鉴定出四种按蚊：N'Gattakro 和 Odiennekourani 中的冈比亚按蚊复合体和疟蚊，N'Gattakro 中的 Anopheles pharoensis 和 Odiennekourani 中的 Anopheles ziemanni。在冈比亚按蚊复合体中，捕获了三种：冈比亚按蚊敏感型（s.s.）、Anopheles coluzzii 和 Anopheles arabiensis，这是科特迪瓦首次发现（N'Gattakro 分别为 30.1%、69.9%和 0%，Odiennekourani 分别为 45.1%、52.6%和 2.4%）。在 N'Gattakro，室外叮咬的明显外吸行为为 77.1%（而 Odiennekourani 为 52.2%）。在 N'Gattakro，12.6%的捕获发生在睡前（晚上 9.00 点）和醒来后（早上 5.00 点），在 Odiennekourani 为 15.1%。N'Gattakro 的平均人叮咬率高于 Odiennekourani（61.6 与 15.5 人/夜）。总体而言，冈比亚按蚊感染率为 0.68%，N'Gattakro 和 Odiennekourani 每人每晚分别有 0.539 和 0.029 人感染。