Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland.
Scand J Public Health. 2023 Jul;51(5):797-813. doi: 10.1177/14034948221149143. Epub 2023 Jan 30.
We aimed to compare COVID-19 control measures, epidemiological characteristics and economic performance measures in two high-income island nations with small populations, favorable border control options, and relatively good outcomes: Iceland and New Zealand (NZ).
We examined peer-reviewed journal articles, official websites, reports, media releases and press articles for data on pandemic preparedness and COVID-19 public health responses from 1 January 2020 to 1 June 2022 in Iceland and NZ. We calculated epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as measures of economic performance.
Both nations had the lowest excess mortality in the OECD from the start of the pandemic up to June 2022. Iceland pursued a mitigation strategy, never used lockdowns or officially closed its border to foreign nationals, and instead relied on extensive testing and contact tracing early in the pandemic. Meanwhile, NZ pursued an elimination strategy, used a strict national lockdown to stop transmission, and closed its international border to everyone except citizens and permanent residents going through quarantine and testing. Iceland experienced a larger decrease in gross domestic product in 2020 (relative to 2019) than NZ (-8·27% . -1·22%, respectively). In late 2021, NZ announced a shift to a suppression strategy and in 2022 began to reopen its border in stages, while Iceland ended all public restrictions on 25 February 2022.
我们旨在比较两个高收入岛国在控制 COVID-19 方面的措施、流行病学特征和经济绩效措施，这两个岛国人口较少，边境控制选择有利，且结果相对较好：冰岛和新西兰（NZ）。
我们查阅了 2020 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 6 月 1 日期间关于冰岛和 NZ 的大流行准备和 COVID-19 公共卫生应对的同行评审期刊文章、官方网站、报告、媒体发布和新闻文章，以获取数据。我们计算了 COVID-19 大流行的流行病学特征以及经济绩效指标。
在经合组织国家中，这两个国家从大流行开始到 2022 年 6 月的超额死亡率最低。冰岛采取了缓解策略，从未使用过封锁或正式关闭其对外国公民的边境，而是在大流行早期依靠广泛的检测和接触者追踪。与此同时，新西兰采取了消除策略，使用严格的全国封锁来阻止传播，并对所有非公民和永久居民关闭其国际边境，这些人必须经过检疫和检测。冰岛的国内生产总值在 2020 年（相对于 2019 年）下降幅度大于新西兰（分别为-8.27%和-1.22%）。2021 年末，新西兰宣布转向抑制策略，并在 2022 年开始分阶段重新开放边境，而冰岛于 2022 年 2 月 25 日结束了所有公共限制。
