Summers Jennifer A, Wilson Nick, Baker Michael G, Gottfredsson Magnus
Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Box 7343 Wellington, New Zealand.
N Z Med J. 2013 Apr 19;126(1373):74-80.
Nations varied in their experience of, and response to, the 1918-19 influenza pandemic. Island communities can provide unique opportunities to study the epidemiology of infectious diseases. We aimed to compare the epidemiology and public health response to this pandemic in two remote island nations, on opposite sides of the globe: Iceland and New Zealand (NZ).
Historical accounts in both nations were reviewed, along with recent analysis of the pandemics impact and course.
Marked similarities were noted in epidemic timing, failure of border control, shape of epidemic curves, and delayed use of public health interventions. However, amongst the exposed European populations, Iceland experienced a significantly higher mortality rate (830 vs 550 per 100,000) compared to NZ (rate ratio: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.4-1.6). There is evidence that some public health measures in specific areas of both nations resulted in lower mortality rates. In particular, Iceland's use of travel restrictions and ship quarantining, appeared to protect 36% of the population.
The epidemiology of the 1918-19 influenza pandemic was fairly similar for the exposed European populations of Iceland and NZ. Nevertheless, major differences were the significantly higher overall mortality rate in Iceland and the success of Iceland's use of travel restrictions.
各国在经历1918 - 19年流感大流行及应对措施方面存在差异。岛屿社区可为研究传染病流行病学提供独特机会。我们旨在比较全球两端两个偏远岛国冰岛和新西兰（NZ）对此次大流行的流行病学情况及公共卫生应对措施。
回顾了两国的历史记录，以及近期对该大流行影响和过程的分析。
在疫情发生时间、边境管控失效、疫情曲线形状以及公共卫生干预措施的延迟使用方面，发现了显著相似之处。然而，在受影响的欧洲人群中，冰岛的死亡率（每10万人中有830人死亡）显著高于新西兰（每10万人中有550人死亡）（率比：1.5，95%置信区间：1.4 - 1.6）。有证据表明，两国特定地区的一些公共卫生措施降低了死亡率。特别是，冰岛实施的旅行限制和船只检疫措施似乎保护了36%的人口。
对于冰岛和新西兰受影响的欧洲人群而言，1918 - 19年流感大流行的流行病学情况相当相似。尽管如此，主要差异在于冰岛总体死亡率显著更高，以及冰岛实施旅行限制措施取得了成效。
