Cardiovascular Prevention & Research Unit, Clinic & Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2023 Aug;36(4):1564-1575. doi: 10.1111/jhn.13145. Epub 2023 Feb 28.
Individuals from families at high-risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are also at high risk for hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular disease. Studies identifying lifestyle patterns (LPs) combining dietary, physical activity or sedentary variables and examining their possible role with respect to developing blood pressure (BP) are limited. The present study aimed to examine the association of different LPs with BP levels in families at high risk for T2DM in Europe.
In total, 1844 adults (31.6% males) at high-risk for T2DM across six European countries were included in this cross-sectional study using data from the baseline assessment of the Feel4Diabetes Study. BP measurements and dietary and physical activity assessments were conducted, and screen times were surveyed. LPs were revealed with principal component analysis of various data regarding diet, physical activity, screen time and smoking.
Three LPs were identified. LP3 (high consumption of sweet and salty snacks, sugar sweetened soft drinks and juices, and high amount of screen time) was positively associated with diastolic BP (B, 0.52; 95% confidence interval = 0.05-0.99) and the existence of HTN (odds ratio = 1.12; 95% confidence interval = 1.00-1.25). Participants in the highest tertile of LP3 spent mean 3 h of screen time, consumed 1.5 portions of sweet and/or salty snacks and 1 L of soft drinks on a daily basis, were associated with 12% higher risk of HTN.
Focusing on the combination of eating and lifestyle behaviours may more accurately identify, and therefore guide preventive measures tailored to the specific needs of high-risk populations.
有 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）家族遗传风险的个体也有患高血压（HTN）和心血管疾病的高风险。有一些研究确定了结合饮食、体力活动或久坐变量的生活方式模式（LPs），并研究了它们在血压（BP）发展方面的可能作用，但这些研究还很有限。本研究旨在探讨欧洲 T2DM 高危人群中不同 LPs 与 BP 水平之间的关联。
本横断面研究共纳入了来自欧洲六个国家的 1844 名 T2DM 高危成年人（31.6%为男性），这些参与者的数据来自 Feel4Diabetes 研究的基线评估。进行了 BP 测量、饮食和体力活动评估以及屏幕时间调查。通过对饮食、体力活动、屏幕时间和吸烟等方面的数据进行主成分分析，揭示了 LPs。
确定了 3 种 LPs。LP3（高糖和咸零食、含糖软饮料和果汁的高消费以及大量的屏幕时间）与舒张压（B，0.52；95%置信区间=0.05-0.99）和 HTN 的存在呈正相关（比值比=1.12；95%置信区间=1.00-1.25）。LP3 最高三分位组的参与者平均每天花费 3 小时的屏幕时间，消费 1.5 份甜咸零食和/或 1 升软饮料，HTN 的风险增加 12%。
关注饮食和生活方式行为的组合可能更准确地识别出高危人群的具体需求，并因此指导有针对性的预防措施。
