Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
J Exp Biol. 2023 Feb 1;226(3). doi: 10.1242/jeb.244844. Epub 2023 Jan 31.
In this Commentary, we shed light on the use of invertebrates as model organisms for understanding the causal and conserved mechanisms of learning and memory. We provide a condensed chronicle of the contribution offered by mollusks to the studies on how and where the nervous system encodes and stores memory and describe the rich cognitive capabilities of some insect species, including attention and concept learning. We also discuss the use of planarians for investigating the dynamics of memory during brain regeneration and highlight the role of stressful stimuli in forming memories. Furthermore, we focus on the increasing evidence that invertebrates display some forms of emotions, which provides new opportunities for unveiling the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying the complex interaction between stress, emotions and cognition. In doing so, we highlight experimental challenges and suggest future directions that we expect the field to take in the coming years, particularly regarding what we, as humans, need to know for preventing and/or delaying memory loss. This article has an associated ECR Spotlight interview with Veronica Rivi.
在这篇评论中，我们探讨了利用无脊椎动物作为模型生物来理解学习和记忆的因果和保守机制。我们简要回顾了软体动物在研究神经系统如何以及在何处编码和存储记忆方面所做出的贡献，并描述了一些昆虫物种的丰富认知能力，包括注意力和概念学习。我们还讨论了利用涡虫研究大脑再生过程中记忆的动态，并强调了应激刺激在形成记忆中的作用。此外，我们关注越来越多的证据表明无脊椎动物表现出某些形式的情绪，这为揭示应激、情绪和认知之间复杂相互作用的神经和分子机制提供了新的机会。在这样做的过程中，我们强调了实验挑战，并提出了我们预计该领域在未来几年将采取的未来方向，特别是对于我们人类来说，需要了解哪些知识来预防和/或延缓记忆丧失。这篇文章有一个相关的 ECR Spotlight 采访，与 Veronica Rivi 进行了探讨。
