Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Department of Linguistics & Southeast Asian Linguistics Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Phonetica. 2023 Jan 31;79(6):591-629. doi: 10.1515/phon-2022-0029. Print 2022 Dec 16.
Phonation and vowel quality are often thought to play a vital role at the initial stage of tonogenesis. This paper investigates the production of voicing and tones in a tonal Northern Kmhmu' dialect spoken in Nan Province, Thailand, and a non-tonal Eastern Kmhmu' dialect spoken in Vientiane, Laos, from both acoustic and electroglottographic perspectives. Large and consistent VOT differences between voiced and voiceless stops are preserved in Eastern Kmhmu', but are not found in Northern Kmhmu', consistent with previous reports. With respect to pitch, f0 is clearly a secondary property of the voicing contrast in Eastern Kmhmu', but unquestionably the primary contrastive property in Northern Kmhmu'. Crucially, no evidence is found to suggest that either phonation type or formant differences act as significant cues to voicing in Eastern Kmhmu' or tones in Northern Kmhmu'. These results suggests that voicing contrasts can also be transphonologized directly into f0-based contrasts, skipping a registral stage based primarily on phonation and/or vowel quality.
发音和元音质量通常被认为在声调生成的初始阶段起着至关重要的作用。本文从声学和电声的角度研究了在泰国难府地区使用的声调北克木姆语方言和老挝万象地区使用的非声调东克木姆语方言中浊音和声调的产生。在东克木姆语中，浊音和清音塞音之间的大而一致的 VOT 差异得以保留，但在北克木姆语中却没有，这与之前的报道一致。就音高而言，f0 在东克木姆语的浊音对比中显然是次要特征，但在北克木姆语中无疑是主要对比特征。至关重要的是，没有证据表明发声类型或共振峰差异在东克木姆语中作为浊音的重要线索，或者在北克木姆语中作为声调的重要线索。这些结果表明，浊音对比也可以直接转化为基于 f0 的对比，跳过主要基于发声和/或元音质量的音位阶段。
