Rashtbari Alireza, Taylor Danielle L, Saed Omid, Malekizadeh Hossein
Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran.
Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina.
J Pers Assess. 2023 Nov-Dec;105(6):820-837. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2169153. Epub 2023 Jan 31.
The contrast avoidance model (CAM) hypothesizes that individuals with chronic worry recruit worry to create and maintain a negative emotional state to avoid sudden increases in negative emotions. Preliminary evidence using the contrast avoidance questionnaires (CAQs) suggests that there might be a similar mechanism across mood and other anxiety disorders. To continue to assess the CAQs, they should be adapted for other languages and evaluated across multiple symptom domains. The present study aimed to develop the Persian versions of the CAQs and examine the transdiagnostic nature of CAM across two studies. A large Persian-speaking college student sample (Total n = 1438) was used to evaluate the factor structure of the CAQs (Study 1) and the psychometric properties of CAQs (Study 2). Results supported the two-factor structure of the CAQ-W (worry) and CAQ-GE (general emotion). Results showed that CAQ-W was a significant predictor of anxiety-related measures. However, CAQ-GE and IUS-12 significantly predicted depressive and other symptoms over the CAQ-W. Results demonstrated excellent psychometric properties. They indicate that contrast avoidance, measured via CAQ-GE, could be a transdiagnostic construct, and CAQ-W may be more sensitive to anxiety-specific contrast avoidance among Persian speaking and/or Iranian individuals.
对比回避模型（CAM）假设，患有慢性担忧的个体通过担忧来营造并维持一种消极情绪状态，以避免负面情绪的突然增加。使用对比回避问卷（CAQs）的初步证据表明，在情绪障碍和其他焦虑症中可能存在类似机制。为了继续评估CAQs，应将其改编为其他语言，并在多个症状领域进行评估。本研究旨在开发CAQs的波斯语版本，并通过两项研究检验CAM的跨诊断性质。一个讲波斯语的大学生大样本（总计n = 1438）被用于评估CAQs的因子结构（研究1）和CAQs的心理测量特性（研究2）。结果支持了CAQ-W（担忧）和CAQ-GE（一般情绪）的两因子结构。结果表明，CAQ-W是焦虑相关测量的显著预测因子。然而，CAQ-GE和IUS-12比CAQ-W更能显著预测抑郁及其他症状。结果显示出良好的心理测量特性。它们表明，通过CAQ-GE测量的对比回避可能是一种跨诊断结构，而CAQ-W可能对讲波斯语和/或伊朗个体中特定于焦虑的对比回避更为敏感。
