HCEMM-SU Neurobiology and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Cell Reprogram. 2023 Feb;25(1):32-44. doi: 10.1089/cell.2022.0102. Epub 2023 Jan 31.
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are found in almost all postnatal organs. Under appropriate environmental cues, multipotency enables MSCs to serve as progenitors for several lineage-specific, differentiated cell types. expansion and differentiation of MSCs give the opportunity to obtain hardly available somatic cells, such as neurons. The neurogenic potential of MSCs makes them a promising, autologous source to restore damaged tissue and as such, they have received much attention in the field of regenerative medicine. Several stem cell pool candidates have been studied thus far, but only a few of them showed neurogenic differentiation potential. Due to their embryonic ontology, stem cells residing in the stroma of the dental pulp chamber are an exciting source for neural cell differentiation. In this study, we review the key properties of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), with a particular focus on their neurogenic potential. Moreover, we summarize the various presently available methods used for neural differentiation of human DPSCs also emphasizing the difficulties in reproducibly high production of such cells. We postulate that because DPSCs are stem cells with very close ontology to neurogenic lineages, they may serve as excellent targets for neuronal differentiation and even for direct reprogramming.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）存在于几乎所有的成年组织器官中。在适当的环境信号刺激下，多能性使 MSCs 能够作为几种谱系特异性、分化细胞类型的祖细胞。MSCs 的扩增和分化为获得难以获得的体细胞（如神经元）提供了机会。MSCs 的神经发生潜能使它们成为一种有前途的、自体来源的组织修复细胞，因此，它们在再生医学领域受到了广泛关注。迄今为止，已经研究了几种干细胞库候选物，但只有少数具有神经分化潜能。由于它们的胚胎起源，存在于牙髓室基质中的干细胞是神经细胞分化的一个令人兴奋的来源。在本研究中，我们综述了牙髓干细胞（DPSCs）的关键特性，特别关注其神经发生潜能。此外，我们总结了目前用于人 DPSCs 的神经分化的各种方法，同时强调了重复性地大量生产此类细胞的困难。我们假设，由于 DPSCs 是与神经谱系非常接近的干细胞，它们可能成为神经分化的极好靶点，甚至可以直接重编程。
