Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2023;42(2):115-123. doi: 10.1097/DCC.0000000000000569.
Appropriate levels and patterns of sound and light in an intensive care room help to maintain the patient's normal physiological functions. High sound levels can disrupt the patient's normal sleep architecture, cause hearing deficits, and induce the onset of delirium. Intensive care unit patients frequently report poor sleep, partly due to the environment.
An observational pilot prospective study was designed to record sound pressure and light pollution levels in an Italian intensive care unit, without windows to provide natural light.
Sound levels were measured in decibel A (dBA) every 10 seconds. Sound data were analyzed for sound peak, defined as the number of times sound levels exceeded 45, 50, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85 dBA. Light measures were taken every 10 seconds on a continuous basis. Light data were analyzed for light "peaks," defined as the number of times light levels exceeded 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 lux.
The overall median sound level during the study period was equal to 54.60 (interquartile range [IQR], 51.70-57.70) dBA. The daytime median sound level was 56.00 (IQR, 53.00-59.50) dBA, and the nighttime median was 53.00 (IQR, 49.50-55.20) dBA (P < .001). The overall median light level was equal to 114 (IQR, 0-225) lux. The daytime median light level was 184 (IQR, 114-293) lux, and the nighttime median was 0 (IQR, 0-50) lux (P < .001). With respect to room lighting, rooms were observed to have "no lights on" 12.6% of daytime and 41% of nighttime.
The sound levels recorded in our sample demonstrated that peaks >45 dBA during daytime and nighttime are, respectively, equal to 99.9% and 98.6% of all readings. The Environmental Protection Agency/World Health Organization recommended thresholds for both day (45 dBA) and night (35 dBA). Sound levels reached "toxic levels" when sound-generating activities were performed by nurses and physicians.
重症监护病房中适当的声强和光照水平有助于维持患者的正常生理功能。高强度的声音会扰乱患者正常的睡眠结构，导致听力损伤，并引发谵妄。重症监护病房的患者经常报告睡眠质量差，部分原因是环境造成的。
本研究旨在记录意大利一间无窗重症监护病房的声压和光照污染水平，该病房没有自然光。
采用分贝 A（dBA）测量每 10 秒的声级。对声级超过 45、50、60、65、70、75、80 和 85 dBA 的次数进行分析，以获得声压峰值。连续每 10 秒进行一次光照测量。对光照强度超过 100、200、300、400 和 500 lux 的次数进行分析，以获得光照峰值。
研究期间的总体中位数声级为 54.60（四分位距 [IQR]，51.70-57.70）dBA。白天的中位数声级为 56.00（IQR，53.00-59.50）dBA，夜间的中位数声级为 53.00（IQR，49.50-55.20）dBA（P<0.001）。总体中位数光照强度为 114（IQR，0-225）lux。白天的中位数光照强度为 184（IQR，114-293）lux，夜间的中位数光照强度为 0（IQR，0-50）lux（P<0.001）。就病房照明而言，白天和夜间分别有 12.6%和 41%的时间“无灯”。
我们样本记录的声级表明，白天和夜间分别有 99.9%和 98.6%的声级超过 45 dBA。环境保护署/世界卫生组织推荐白天（45 dBA）和夜间（35 dBA）的阈值。当护士和医生进行产生噪音的活动时，声级达到了“有毒水平”。
