de Melo Barros Ludmila, da Silva Júnior André Eduardo, Praxedes Dafiny Rodrigues Silva, Monteiro Maíra Barbosa Lobo, de Lima Macena Mateus, Bueno Nassib Bezerra
Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Int J Eat Disord. 2023 Apr;56(4):677-690. doi: 10.1002/eat.23909. Epub 2023 Feb 1.
Food addiction (FA) has been extensively investigated worldwide; however, the prevalence of FA in the Latin American population has yet to be established and past work has largely neglected the specificities of this region, that includes the most significant economic disparities in the world. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of FA measured by the Yale Food Addiction Scale in Latin America.
The search was performed on MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, LILACS, IBECS, SciELO, PsycArticles, CENTRAL, and the gray literature. FA prevalence data were collected, and random effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate the overall weighted prevalence, the prevalence by country, and by clinical and non-clinical samples.
A total of 10,082 occurrences were identified through database searches, and 23 studies were included (Mexico = 9; Brazil = 7; Chile = 4; Argentina = 1; Peru = 1; Uruguay = 1). The prevalence of FA found in clinical samples was 38% (95% CI: 16%-63%; I = 98.67%; 8 studies), while in non-clinical samples, it was 15% (95% CI: 10%-21%; I = 98.51%; 15 studies).
The average prevalence of FA in the Latin American countries included here was in accordance with that reported in other regions worldwide. It is noteworthy that the studies were conducted only in six countries, which are among those with the highest income in the region and do not represent the situation in native populations or those with lower purchasing power. This gap in the data also reflects the effects of economic disparities on the availability of empirical data in the region.
The prevalence of food addiction in Latin America was similar to that reported in other regions. It was higher among individuals with overweight, whether or not undergoing bariatric surgery, than in non-clinical samples. These findings contribute to aggregate information about this condition that has drawn the attention of clinicians and researchers.
食物成瘾（FA）已在全球范围内得到广泛研究；然而，拉丁美洲人群中FA的患病率尚未确定，过去的研究在很大程度上忽略了该地区的特殊性，其中包括世界上最显著的经济差距。因此，本研究的目的是评估用耶鲁食物成瘾量表测量的拉丁美洲FA患病率。
在MEDLINE、ScienceDirect、LILACS、IBECS、SciELO、PsycArticles、CENTRAL以及灰色文献中进行检索。收集FA患病率数据，并进行随机效应荟萃分析以计算总体加权患病率、各国患病率以及临床和非临床样本的患病率。
通过数据库检索共识别出10082条记录，纳入23项研究（墨西哥=9项；巴西=7项；智利=4项；阿根廷=1项；秘鲁=1项；乌拉圭=1项）。在临床样本中发现的FA患病率为38%（95%CI：16%-63%；I²=98.67%；8项研究），而在非临床样本中为15%（95%CI：10%-21%；I²=98.51%；15项研究）。
这里纳入的拉丁美洲国家的FA平均患病率与世界其他地区报告的患病率一致。值得注意的是，这些研究仅在该地区收入最高的六个国家进行，并不代表当地人群或购买力较低人群的情况。数据中的这一差距也反映了经济差距对该地区实证数据可得性的影响。
拉丁美洲食物成瘾的患病率与其他地区报告的患病率相似。无论是否接受减肥手术，超重个体中的患病率均高于非临床样本。这些发现有助于汇总有关这种疾病的信息，该疾病已引起临床医生和研究人员的关注。
