Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Urology and Nephrology Research Center (UNRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Assist Reprod Genet. 2023 Apr;40(4):697-717. doi: 10.1007/s10815-023-02735-w. Epub 2023 Feb 1.
Embryo implantation is a critical process for achieving a successful pregnancy and live birth. The proper implantation must have a synchronized interaction between blastocyst and a receptive endometrium. Many genes are involved in the modulation of precise molecular events during implantation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been extensively reported as gene regulatory molecules on post-transcriptional levels involved in various biological processes such as gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and the quality of sperm, oocyte, and embryos. A plethora of evidence has demonstrated critical roles for miRNAs in regulating genes involved in the implantation process; hence, dysregulation of miRNAs could be associated with significant impairments in implantation, such as recurrent implantation failure. In addition to the indispensable role of miRNAs in the intracellular control of gene expression, they can also be secreted into extracellular fluid and circulation. Therefore, miRNAs in body fluids and blood may be exploited as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for different pathological and physiological conditions. Recently, several studies have focused on the discovery of miRNAs function in the implantation process by appraising miRNAs and their target genes in human embryos, endometrial tissue, and cell culture models. Moreover, it was revealed that there could be a significant association between endometrial receptivity or implantation status and the expression of miRNAs in human body fluids, reinforcing their role as non-invasive biomarkers. In the current work, we reviewed the studies concerning the role of intracellular and extracellular miRNAs in human implantation and the influence of their dysregulation on implantation disorders.
胚胎着床是实现成功妊娠和活产的关键过程。适当的着床必须在胚泡和接受性子宫内膜之间进行同步相互作用。许多基因参与调节着床过程中精确的分子事件。microRNAs（miRNAs）已被广泛报道为参与配子发生、胚胎发生和精子、卵子和胚胎质量等各种生物学过程的转录后水平的基因调节分子。大量证据表明，miRNAs 在调节参与着床过程的基因方面起着关键作用；因此，miRNAs 的失调可能与着床显著受损有关，如反复着床失败。除了 miRNAs 在细胞内基因表达调控中的不可或缺的作用外，它们还可以分泌到细胞外液和循环中。因此，体液和血液中的 miRNAs 可以作为不同病理和生理状况的非侵入性诊断生物标志物加以利用。最近，一些研究通过评估人类胚胎、子宫内膜组织和细胞培养模型中的 miRNAs 及其靶基因，集中研究了 miRNAs 在着床过程中的功能。此外，还揭示了在人体液中，miRNAs 的表达与子宫内膜容受性或着床状态之间可能存在显著关联，这进一步证实了它们作为非侵入性生物标志物的作用。在目前的工作中，我们回顾了关于细胞内和细胞外 miRNAs 在人类着床中的作用以及它们失调对着床障碍的影响的研究。
