Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2023 Apr 12;227(7):907-916. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad028.
Descriptions of changes in invasive bacterial disease (IBD) epidemiology during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States are limited.
We investigated changes in the incidence of IBD due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, group A Streptococcus (GAS), and group B Streptococcus (GBS). We defined the COVID-19 pandemic period as 1 March to 31 December 2020. We compared observed IBD incidences during the pandemic to expected incidences, consistent with January 2014 to February 2020 trends. We conducted secondary analysis of a health care database to assess changes in testing by blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture during the pandemic.
Compared with expected incidences, the observed incidences of IBD due to S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, GAS, and GBS were 58%, 60%, 28%, and 12% lower during the pandemic period of 2020, respectively. Declines from expected incidences corresponded closely with implementation of COVID-19-associated nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Significant declines were observed across all age and race groups, and surveillance sites for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Blood and CSF culture testing rates during the pandemic were comparable to previous years.
NPIs likely contributed to the decline in IBD incidence in the United States in 2020; observed declines were unlikely to be driven by reductions in testing.
在美国，关于 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间侵袭性细菌性疾病（IBD）流行病学变化的描述有限。
我们研究了由肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、A 组链球菌（GAS）和 B 组链球菌（GBS）引起的 IBD 发病率的变化。我们将 COVID-19 大流行期间定义为 2020 年 3 月 1 日至 12 月 31 日。我们将观察到的大流行期间的 IBD 发病率与预期发病率进行了比较，与 2014 年 1 月至 2020 年 2 月的趋势一致。我们对医疗保健数据库进行了二次分析，以评估大流行期间血液和脑脊液（CSF）培养检测的变化。
与预期发病率相比，2020 年大流行期间，由肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、GAS 和 GBS 引起的 IBD 发病率分别低 58%、60%、28%和 12%。与预期发病率的下降与 COVID-19 相关非药物干预（NPI）的实施密切相关。在所有年龄组和种族组以及肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌监测点都观察到显著下降。大流行期间血液和 CSF 培养检测率与前几年相当。
NPI 可能导致 2020 年美国 IBD 发病率下降；观察到的下降不太可能是由于检测减少所致。
