Department of Aquatic Environment Management, TNJFU- Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thalainayeru, Tamil Nadu-614 712, India.
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu-608 502, India.
J Appl Microbiol. 2023 Feb 16;134(2). doi: 10.1093/jambio/lxac064.
Environmental contamination brought on by the discharge of wastewater from textile industries is a growing concern on a global scale. Textile industries produce a huge quantity of effluents containing a myriad of chemicals, mostly dyes. The discharge of such effluents into the aquatic environment results in pollution that adversely affects aquatic organisms. Synthetic dyes are complex aromatic chemical structures with carcinogenic and mutagenic properties in addition to high biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). This complex aromatic structure resists degradation by conventional techniques. The bioremediation approach is the biological clean-up of toxic contaminants from industrial effluents. Biological treatment methods produce less or no sludge and are cost-effective, efficient, and eco-friendly. Microorganisms, mostly microalgae and bacteria, and, in some instances, fungi, yeast, and enzymes decolorize textile dye compounds into simple, non-toxic chemical compounds. Following a thorough review of the literature, we are persuaded that microalgae and bacteria might be one of the potential decolorizing agents substituting for most other biological organisms in wastewater treatment. This article presents extensive literature information on textile dyes, their classification, the toxicity of dyes, and the bioremediation of toxic textile industry effluent utilizing microalgae and bacteria. Additionally, it combines data on factors influencing textile dye bioremediation, and a few suggestions for future research are proposed.
纺织工业排放废水所带来的环境污染是一个在全球范围内日益受到关注的问题。纺织工业产生大量含有多种化学物质的废水，其中主要是染料。这些废水排放到水体会导致污染，对水生生物产生不利影响。合成染料具有复杂的芳香化学结构，具有致癌和致突变特性，同时还具有高生物需氧量（BOD）和化学需氧量（COD）。这种复杂的芳香结构难以通过传统技术进行降解。生物修复方法是从工业废水中清除有毒污染物的生物清洁方法。生物处理方法产生的污泥较少或没有，而且具有成本效益高、效率高和环保等优点。微生物，主要是微藻和细菌，在某些情况下还包括真菌、酵母和酶，将纺织染料化合物分解为简单、无毒的化学化合物。在对文献进行全面回顾后，我们相信微藻和细菌可能是替代大多数其他生物处理废水的潜在脱色剂之一。本文介绍了有关纺织染料的广泛文献信息，包括其分类、毒性以及利用微藻和细菌对有毒纺织工业废水进行生物修复。此外，还结合了影响纺织染料生物修复的因素的数据，并提出了一些未来研究的建议。
