From Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston, Texas.
the Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California.
South Med J. 2023 Feb;116(2):195-201. doi: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001505.
The purpose of this study was to examine severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 case positivity in juvenile justice facilities of two different states alongside institutional, local, and state public health policies during the first 6 months of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
This retrospective chart review examined two large, urban juvenile justice centers in California and Texas. Positive intake or day 12 tests were considered suggestive of community-acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection. Researchers examined state and county restrictions, closings, and openings. The study included all of the youths 10 to 18 years residing in the facilities between March and August 2020. The main outcomes measured case positivity in each facility and compared it with community positivity rates and state public health measures.
In total, 530 youth were included (Texas, n = 319; California, n = 211). The Texas facility reported a higher number of positive cases (24) versus the California facility (3) ( 0.05). Of the positive youth, 70% were asymptomatic, and none required hospitalization. Intake and day 12 tests were positive in <1% of California youth compared with a rate of 4% in Texas ( 0.05). California and Texas instituted mask mandates in May and July 2020, respectively. California restricted indoor capacity until August, but Texas varied from 25% to 75% capacity through July.
The Texas facility reported a higher percentage of community-acquired infections compared with California, coinciding with reopening measures in Texas. Texas also enacted a mask mandate later than California. These public health measures, among other factors, likely contributed to higher community rates in Texas, thereby affecting rates among the detained youth.
本研究旨在检查在 2019 年冠状病毒病大流行的前 6 个月期间，两个不同州的少年司法机构中严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）病例阳性率，以及机构、当地和州公共卫生政策。
本回顾性图表研究检查了加利福尼亚州和德克萨斯州的两个大型城市少年司法中心。阳性的入所或第 12 天检测被认为提示社区获得性 SARS-CoV-2 感染。研究人员检查了州和县的限制、关闭和开放情况。该研究包括 2020 年 3 月至 8 月期间居住在这些设施中的所有 10 至 18 岁的青少年。主要结果是测量每个设施的病例阳性率，并将其与社区阳性率和州公共卫生措施进行比较。
共有 530 名青少年被纳入（德克萨斯州，n = 319；加利福尼亚州，n = 211）。德克萨斯州设施报告的阳性病例数（24 例）高于加利福尼亚州设施（3 例）（0.05）。在阳性青少年中，70%无症状，无住院治疗。加利福尼亚州的入所和第 12 天检测的阳性率低于 1%，而德克萨斯州的阳性率为 4%（0.05）。加利福尼亚州和德克萨斯州分别于 2020 年 5 月和 7 月实施了口罩强制令。加利福尼亚州限制室内容量直到 8 月，但德克萨斯州 7 月的容量从 25%到 75%不等。
与加利福尼亚州相比，德克萨斯州设施报告的社区获得性感染比例更高，这与德克萨斯州的重新开放措施相符。德克萨斯州也比加利福尼亚州晚实施口罩强制令。这些公共卫生措施以及其他因素可能导致德克萨斯州的社区感染率更高，从而影响被拘留的青少年的感染率。
