University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China.
School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2023 Apr 1;225:115103. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115103. Epub 2023 Jan 25.
Diabetes and its complications are seriously threatening the health and well-being of hundreds of millions of people. Glucose levels are essential indicators of the health conditions of diabetics. Over the past decade, concerted efforts in various fields have led to significant advances in glucose monitoring technology. In particular, the rapid development of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) based on electrochemical sensing principles has great potential to overcome the limitations of self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) in continuously tracking glucose trends, evaluating diabetes treatment options, and improving the quality of life of diabetics. However, the applications of minimally invasive electrochemical CGM sensors are still limited owing to the following aspects: i) invasiveness, ii) short lifespan, iii) biocompatibility, and iv) calibration and prediction. In recent years, the performance of minimally invasive electrochemical CGM systems (CGMSs) has been significantly improved owing to breakthrough developments in new materials and key technologies. In this review, we summarize the history of commercial CGMSs, the development of sensing principles, and the research progress of minimally invasive electrochemical CGM sensors in reducing the invasiveness of implanted probes, maintaining enzyme activity, and improving the biocompatibility of the sensor interface. In addition, this review also introduces calibration algorithms and prediction algorithms applied to CGMSs and describes the application of machine learning algorithms for glucose prediction.
糖尿病及其并发症严重威胁着数亿人的健康和福祉。血糖水平是糖尿病患者健康状况的重要指标。在过去的十年中，各领域的共同努力推动了血糖监测技术的显著进步。特别是，基于电化学传感原理的连续血糖监测（CGM）的快速发展，具有克服自我监测血糖（SMBG）在连续跟踪血糖趋势、评估糖尿病治疗方案和提高糖尿病患者生活质量方面的局限性的巨大潜力。然而，由于以下几个方面，微创电化学 CGM 传感器的应用仍然有限：i）侵入性，ii）短寿命，iii）生物相容性，以及 iv）校准和预测。近年来，由于新材料和关键技术的突破性发展，微创电化学 CGM 系统（CGMS）的性能得到了显著提高。在本文中，我们总结了商业 CGMS 的历史、传感原理的发展以及微创电化学 CGM 传感器在降低植入式探头的侵入性、保持酶活性和改善传感器界面生物相容性方面的研究进展。此外，本文还介绍了应用于 CGMS 的校准算法和预测算法，并描述了机器学习算法在血糖预测中的应用。
