International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
BMJ Open. 2023 Feb 1;13(2):e067960. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067960.
Religious affiliation, beliefs, and practices shape lifestyles and disease risks. This study examined Hindu-Muslim differences in the prevalence and management of hypertension and diabetes in Bangladesh, a religiously plural country with 91% Muslims and 8% Hindus.
DESIGN, SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: We used the nationally representative 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) and 2017-2018 BDHS data. The 2011 BDHS collected blood pressure (BP) data with an 89% response rate (RR) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) data (RR 85%) from household members aged 35 years and above. The 2017-2018 BDHS collected BP and FBG data from household members aged 18 years and above with 89% and 84% RRs, respectively. We analysed 6628 participants for hypertension and 6370 participants for diabetes from the 2011 BDHS, 11 449 for hypertension and 10 744 for diabetes from the 2017-2018 BDHS.
We followed the WHO guidelines to define hypertension and diabetes. We used descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression to examine the Hindu-Muslim differences in hypertension and diabetes, and estimated predicted probabilities to examine the changes in hypertension and diabetes risk over time.
Nine in 10 of the sample were Muslims. About 31% of Hindus and 24% of Muslims were hypertensive; 10% of both Hindus and Muslims were diabetic in 2017-2018. The odds of being hypertensive were 45% higher among Hindus than Muslims (adjusted OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.71; p<0.001). The levels of awareness, medication and control of hypertension were similar between the religious groups. Between the 2011 and 2017-2018 BDHS, the Hindu-Muslim difference in the prevalence of hypertension increased non-significantly, by 3 percentage points.
Further studies on religious-based lifestyles, Hindu-Muslim differences in diet, physical activity, stress, and other risk factors of hypertension and diabetes are needed to understand Hindus' higher likelihood of being hypertensive, in contrast, not diabetic compared with Muslims.
宗教信仰和实践影响生活方式和疾病风险。本研究旨在探讨孟加拉国的印度教徒和穆斯林在高血压和糖尿病的流行和管理方面的差异，孟加拉国是一个宗教多元化的国家，穆斯林占 91%，印度教徒占 8%。
设计、设置和参与者：我们使用了具有代表性的 2011 年孟加拉国人口与健康调查（BDHS）和 2017-2018 年 BDHS 数据。2011 年 BDHS 收集了 35 岁及以上家庭成员的血压（BP）数据（RR89%）和空腹血糖（FBG）数据（RR85%）。2017-2018 年 BDHS 从 18 岁及以上的家庭成员中收集了 BP 和 FBG 数据，RR 分别为 89%和 84%。我们从 2011 年 BDHS 中分析了 6628 名高血压患者和 6370 名糖尿病患者的数据，从 2017-2018 年 BDHS 中分析了 11449 名高血压患者和 10744 名糖尿病患者的数据。
我们遵循世界卫生组织的指南来定义高血压和糖尿病。我们使用描述性统计和多因素逻辑回归来检查印度教徒和穆斯林之间在高血压和糖尿病方面的差异，并估计预测概率来检查高血压和糖尿病风险随时间的变化。
样本中约有十分之九的人是穆斯林。在 2017-2018 年，约 31%的印度教徒和 24%的穆斯林患有高血压；10%的印度教徒和穆斯林患有糖尿病。与穆斯林相比，印度教徒患高血压的几率高 45%（调整后的优势比：1.45；95%CI：1.23 至 1.71；p<0.001）。两组高血压的知晓率、药物治疗率和控制率相似。在 2011 年和 2017-2018 年 BDHS 之间，印度教徒和穆斯林之间高血压流行率的差异略有增加，增加了 3 个百分点。
需要进一步研究基于宗教的生活方式、印度教徒和穆斯林在饮食、体力活动、压力和其他高血压和糖尿病风险因素方面的差异，以了解与穆斯林相比，印度教徒患高血压的可能性更高，而患糖尿病的可能性更低的原因。
