在英国陆军初级入伍、英国陆军标准入伍和皇家空军基础训练期间身体机能的变化。

Changes in physical performance during British Army Junior Entry, British Army Standard Entry and Royal Air Force Basic Training.

机构信息

Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK

Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK.

出版信息

BMJ Mil Health. 2024 Nov 25;170(6):484-490. doi: 10.1136/military-2022-002285.

DOI:10.1136/military-2022-002285

PMID:36725103

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

The purpose was to quantify physical performance in men and women during British Army Junior Entry (Army-JE), British Army Standard Entry (Army-SE) and Royal Air Force (RAF) basic training (BT).

DESIGN

Prospective longitudinal study.

METHODS

381 participants ((339 men and 42 women) n=141 Army-JE, n=132 Army-SE, n=108 RAF) completed a 2 km run, medicine ball throw (MBT) and isometric mid-thigh pull (MTP), pre-BT and post-BT. To examine changes in pre-BT to post-BT physical test performance, for each course, paired Student t-test and Wilcoxon test were applied to normally and non-normally distributed data, respectively, with effect sizes reported as Cohen's D and with rank biserial correlations, respectively. A one-way between-subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA) (or Welch ANOVA for non-normally distributed data) compared performance between quartiles based on test performance pre-BT. Where the main tests statistic, p value and effect sizes identified likely effect of quartile, post hoc comparisons were made using Games-Howell tests with Tukey's p value. Data are presented as mean±SD, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.

RESULTS

During BT, 2 km run time improved by 13±46 s (-2.1%±8.1%), 30±64 s (-4.8%±12.3%) and 24±27 s (-4.5%±5.1%) for Army-JE, Army-SE and RAF, respectively (all p<0.005). MBT distance increased by 0.27±0.28 m (6.8%±7.0%) for Army-JE (p<0.001) and 0.07±0.46 m (2.3%±10.9%) for Army-SE (p=0.040), but decreased by 0.08±0.27 m (-1.4%±6.0%) for RAF (p=0.002). MTP force increased by 80±281 n (10.8%±27.6%) for Army-JE (p<0.001) and did not change for Army-SE (-36±295 n, -0.7%±20.6%, p=0.144) or RAF (-9±208 n, 1.0±17.0, p=0.603). For all tests and cohorts, participants in the lowest quartile of pre-BT performance scores demonstrated greater improvements, compared with participants in the highest quartile (except Army-JE MBT, ∆% change similar between all quartiles).

CONCLUSIONS

Changes in physical performance were observed for the three fitness tests following the different BT courses, and recruits with the lowest strength and aerobic fitness experienced greatest improvements.

摘要

简介

目的是量化英国陆军初级入伍（Army-JE）、英国陆军标准入伍（Army-SE）和英国皇家空军（RAF）基础训练（BT）期间男性和女性的身体表现。

设计

前瞻性纵向研究。

方法

381 名参与者（339 名男性和 42 名女性）n=141 名 Army-JE、n=132 名 Army-SE、n=108 名 RAF）在 BT 前和 BT 后完成了 2 公里跑、药球投掷（MBT）和等长大腿拉力（MTP）测试。为了检查每个课程中 BT 前到 BT 后的物理测试性能变化，对于每个课程，分别使用配对学生 t 检验和 Wilcoxon 检验对正态和非正态分布数据进行检验，并分别报告效应大小为 Cohen's D 和秩双列相关，分别为。基于 BT 前的测试表现，使用单因素方差分析（ANOVA）（或非正态分布数据的 Welch ANOVA）对受试者之间的表现进行比较。主检验统计量、p 值和效应大小确定了四分位的可能影响，然后使用 Games-Howell 检验和 Tukey 的 p 值进行事后比较。数据以平均值±标准差表示，统计显著性设为 p<0.05。

结果

在 BT 期间，2 公里跑时间分别改善了 2 秒至 64 秒（-2.1%至 12.3%）、24 秒至 27 秒（-4.5%至 5.1%）和 24 秒至 27 秒（-4.5%至 5.1%），分别为 Army-JE、Army-SE 和 RAF（均 p<0.005）。MBT 距离分别增加了 0.27±0.28 米（6.8%±7.0%）（p<0.001）和 0.07±0.46 米（2.3%±10.9%）（p=0.040），但 RAF 减少了 0.08±0.27 米（-1.4%±6.0%）（p=0.002）。MTP 力分别增加了 80±281 牛（10.8%±27.6%）（p<0.001），而 Army-SE 没有变化（-36±295 牛，-0.7%±20.6%，p=0.144）或 RAF（-9±208 牛，1.0%±17.0%，p=0.603）。对于所有测试和队列，BT 前表现得分最低四分位的参与者表现出更大的改善，与最高四分位的参与者相比（除了 Army-JE MBT，%变化相似，所有四分位之间）。