Hernández-Gómez Obed, Hua Jessica
Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, 50 Acacia Ave, San Rafael, CA 94901, USA.
Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1630 Linden Dr. Madison, WI 53706, USA.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2023 Jan 16;47(1). doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuad002.
This review summarizes the role of environmental factors on amphibian microbiotas at the organismal, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. At the organismal-level, tissue source, disease status, and experimental manipulations were the strongest predictors of variation in amphibian microbiotas. At the population-level, habitat quality, disease status, and ancestry were commonly documented as drivers of microbiota turnover. At the community-level, studies focused on how species' niche influence microbiota structure and function. At the ecosystem-level, abiotic and biotic reservoirs were important contributors to microbiota structure. At the biosphere-level, databases, sample banks, and seminatural experiments were commonly used to describe microbiota assembly mechanisms among temperate and tropical amphibians. Collectively, our review demonstrates that environmental factors can influence microbiotas through diverse mechanisms at all biological scales. Importantly, while environmental mechanisms occurring at each of the different scales can interact to shape microbiotas, the past 10 years of research have mostly been characterized by targeted approaches at individual scales. Looking forward, efforts considering how environmental factors at multiple organizational levels interact to shape microbiota diversity and function are paramount. Generating opportunities for meaningful cross-disciplinary interactions and supporting infrastructure for research that spans biological scales are imperative to addressing this gap.
本综述总结了环境因素在生物体、种群、群落、生态系统和生物圈水平上对两栖动物微生物群的作用。在生物体水平上，组织来源、疾病状态和实验操作是两栖动物微生物群变异的最强预测因素。在种群水平上，栖息地质量、疾病状态和祖先通常被记录为微生物群更替的驱动因素。在群落水平上，研究集中在物种生态位如何影响微生物群的结构和功能。在生态系统水平上，非生物和生物储存库是微生物群结构的重要贡献者。在生物圈水平上，数据库、样本库和半自然实验通常用于描述温带和热带两栖动物之间的微生物群组装机制。总体而言，我们的综述表明，环境因素可以通过所有生物尺度上的多种机制影响微生物群。重要的是，虽然在每个不同尺度上发生的环境机制可以相互作用以塑造微生物群，但过去10年的研究大多以针对单个尺度的方法为特征。展望未来，考虑多个组织水平的环境因素如何相互作用以塑造微生物群多样性和功能的努力至关重要。为有意义的跨学科互动创造机会并为跨越生物尺度的研究提供支持基础设施对于弥合这一差距至关重要。
