Fan Jia, Liu Xiao-Qian, Meng Chen-Xiao-Ning, Jiao Sen, Feng Wei-Hong, Yan Li-Hua, Wang Zhi-Min
Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2023 Jan;48(1):114-125. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220425.201.
Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum(GGEC), the dried gizzard membrane of Gallus gallus domesticus is a Chinese medicinal material commonly used for digestion. However, due to the particularity of texture and composition, its active ingre-dients have not been clarified so far, and there is also a lack of quality evaluation indicators. In this study, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to analyze the chemical components from the water extract of GGEC, and ten nucleosides were identified for the first time. HPLC fingerprints of the water extracts of GGEC were established and the content of seven nucleosides was determined. The fingerprint similarities of 40 batches of GGEC samples ranged from 0.765 to 0.959, indicating that there were great differences among the GGEC products processed with different methods. In addition, SPSS 22.0 and SIMCA 14.1 were used for hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and principal component analysis(PCA) on the 19 common peaks of the HPLC fingerprints of GGEC, and the 40 batches of samples were divided into three categories: raw GGEC, fried GGEC and vinegar-processed GGEC. Eight differential components in GGEC were marked by orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis(OPLS-DA), two of which were adenine and thymine. The results of content determination showed that the total content of the seven nucleosides in raw GGEC, fried GGEC and vinegar-processed GGEC were 182.5-416.8, 205.3-368.7, and 194.2-283.0 μg·g~(-1), respectively. There were significant differences in the content of hypoxanthine, thymine and thymidine among the GGEC products processed with different methods(P<0.05), which were graded in the order of fried GGEC>vinegar-processed GGEC>raw GGEC. This suggested that the content of hypoxanthine, thymine and thymidine tended to increase during the frying process, and the variation range might be related to the degree of heat exposure. The established methods in this study were simple and reproducible, and could be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of GGEC and its processed pro-ducts. This study also provided reference for the establishment of quality standards of GGEC with chemical components as control index.
鸡内金（Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum，GGEC），即家鸡干燥的砂囊内壁，是一种常用的消食中药材。然而，由于其质地和成分的特殊性，其活性成分至今尚未明确，且缺乏质量评价指标。本研究采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）分析鸡内金水提取物中的化学成分，首次鉴定出10种核苷。建立了鸡内金水提取物的高效液相色谱指纹图谱，并测定了7种核苷的含量。40批鸡内金样品的指纹图谱相似度在0.765至0.959之间，表明不同炮制方法制备的鸡内金产品之间存在较大差异。此外，利用SPSS 22.0和SIMCA 14.1对鸡内金高效液相色谱指纹图谱的19个共有峰进行聚类分析（HCA）和主成分分析（PCA），将40批样品分为生鸡内金、炒鸡内金和醋制鸡内金三类。通过正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（OPLS-DA）标记出鸡内金中的8个差异成分，其中2个为腺嘌呤和胸腺嘧啶。含量测定结果表明，生鸡内金、炒鸡内金和醋制鸡内金中7种核苷的总含量分别为182.5～416.8、205.3～368.7和194.2～283.0 μg·g⁻¹。不同炮制方法制备的鸡内金产品中次黄嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶和胸腺苷的含量存在显著差异（P＜0.05），其含量高低顺序为炒鸡内金＞醋制鸡内金＞生鸡内金。这表明在炒制过程中次黄嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶和胸腺苷的含量有增加趋势，其变化幅度可能与受热程度有关。本研究建立的方法简便、可重复，可用于鸡内金及其炮制品的定性和定量分析。本研究也为以化学成分作为控制指标建立鸡内金质量标准提供了参考。
