Zhao Yongqi, Zhang Zhenling, Zhang Hongwei, Shi Yanbang, Wang Yiming
College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
Henan Integrated Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Production, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
J Anal Methods Chem. 2023 Aug 7;2023:2259280. doi: 10.1155/2023/2259280. eCollection 2023.
Galli gigerii endothelium corneum (GGEC) is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in clinical practice to treat various conditions such as indigestion, vomiting, spermatorrhea, and enuresis. In this study, the volatile components of different concoctions of GGEC were examined by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and the changes of the components were compared by fingerprinting, combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to analyze the main volatile components and find out the different markers that can distinguish the different concoctions of GGEC. In the result, the GC-IMS fingerprints of GGEC and its different concoctions showed differences in their volatile components, of which 49 volatiles were clearly characterized, with some components including monomers and dimers. The characteristic volatile components of raw GGEC (SP) were n-nonanal, (E)-2-octenal, beta-ocimene, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, etc. The characteristic volatile components of stir-fried GGEC (QC) are heptanal, 2-octanol, (E)-2-heptenal, etc. The characteristic volatile components of sand ironing GGEC (ST) are isoamyl acetate, decanal, cyclohexanone, 2-ethyl pyrazine, etc. The characteristic volatile components of stir-fried GGEC with vinegar (CZ) are thiazole, linalool, 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, etc. The characteristic volatile components of stir-fried GGEC with milk (FH) are 2-methylbutanoic acid, ethyl acetate, ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate, butyl acetate, etc. By chemometric analysis, components such as n-nonanal, (E)-2-octenal, 2-pentyl-furan, butanal, 1,4-dioxane, and 2-methylpropanoic acid could be used as difference markers to distinguish different concoction products of GGEC. Furthermore, by analyzing different volatile compounds, we can examine the changes in volatile components during processing of GGEC, which can provide experimental data for the identification and establishment of quality standards.
鸡内金内皮角质层（GGEC）是一种临床常用的中药，用于治疗多种病症，如消化不良、呕吐、遗精和遗尿等。在本研究中，采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱（GC-IMS）对GGEC不同炮制方法的挥发性成分进行检测，并通过指纹图谱结合主成分分析（PCA）和正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）比较成分变化，以分析主要挥发性成分并找出能区分GGEC不同炮制方法的差异标志物。结果显示，GGEC及其不同炮制方法的GC-IMS指纹图谱在挥发性成分上存在差异，共明确表征出49种挥发性成分，包括一些单体和二聚体成分。生鸡内金（SP）的特征挥发性成分有壬醛、（E）-2-辛烯醛、β-罗勒烯、2-乙基-1-己醇等。炒鸡内金（QC）的特征挥发性成分有庚醛、2-辛醇、（E）-2-庚烯醛等。砂烫鸡内金（ST）的特征挥发性成分有乙酸异戊酯、癸醛、环己酮、2-乙基吡嗪等。醋炒鸡内金（CZ）的特征挥发性成分有噻唑、芳樟醇、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪等。乳炒鸡内金（FH）的特征挥发性成分有2-甲基丁酸、乙酸乙酯、2-羟基丙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯等。通过化学计量分析，壬醛、（E）-2-辛烯醛、2-戊基呋喃、丁醛、1,4-二氧六环和2-甲基丙酸等成分可作为区分GGEC不同炮制产品的差异标志物。此外，通过分析不同挥发性化合物，可考察GGEC炮制过程中挥发性成分的变化，为其鉴别和质量标准的建立提供实验数据。
