Gutiérrez J M, Rojas G, Cerdas L
Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José.
Toxicon. 1987;25(7):713-20. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(87)90121-8.
Several toxic and enzymatic activities of the venom of L. m. melanocephala were studied. This venom has many similarities with that of L. m. stenophrys, although there are quantitative differences in venom activities, as well as in the immunodiffusion patterns of these venoms when reacted against polyvalent antivenom. This antivenom was tested for its ability to neutralize a series of toxic and enzymatic effects of L. m. melanocephala venom. A new method to study myonecrosis, based on the quantitation of residual creatine kinase in injected muscle, was used. Antivenom was highly effective in neutralizing lethal, hemorrhagic, myotoxic, edema-forming, defibrinating, caseinolytic and fibrinolytic activities when venom and antivenom were incubated prior to the test or, in the case of edema-forming activity, when antivenom was administered before venom injection. On the other hand, when antivenom was injected i.v. at different time intervals after venom injection neutralization of lethality was good, although neutralization of local effects, i.e. hemorrhage and edema, was poor. These results indicate that polyvalent antivenom contains antibodies capable of neutralizing toxic and enzymatic activities of L. m. melanocephala venom. Moreover, the partial inability of antivenom to neutralize local effects when administered after venom injection is probably due to the rapid development of these effects once venom is injected.
对黑首矛头蝮毒液的几种毒性和酶活性进行了研究。这种毒液与中美矛头蝮的毒液有许多相似之处，尽管毒液活性以及这些毒液与多价抗蛇毒血清反应时的免疫扩散模式存在定量差异。测试了这种抗蛇毒血清中和黑首矛头蝮毒液一系列毒性和酶效应的能力。采用了一种基于定量注射肌肉中残余肌酸激酶来研究肌坏死的新方法。当毒液和抗蛇毒血清在测试前孵育时，或者就形成水肿活性而言，当在注射毒液前给予抗蛇毒血清时，抗蛇毒血清在中和致死、出血、肌毒性、形成水肿、去纤维蛋白、酪蛋白溶解和纤维蛋白溶解活性方面非常有效。另一方面，当在注射毒液后的不同时间间隔静脉注射抗蛇毒血清时，致死性的中和效果良好，尽管对局部效应（即出血和水肿）的中和效果较差。这些结果表明，多价抗蛇毒血清含有能够中和黑首矛头蝮毒液毒性和酶活性的抗体。此外，毒液注射后给予抗蛇毒血清时部分无法中和局部效应，可能是由于毒液注射后这些效应迅速发展所致。
