Department of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2023 Feb 1;23(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s12886-022-02731-1.
Morgan and Scheiman's Optometric Extension Program (OEP) expected binocular vision findings have longstanding use in optometry. With technological advances, the demands and standards of binocular function have changed. This study aimed to investigate which binocular visual functions can effectively predict visual behavior performance.
Participants aged 15-24 years were recruited from two colleges and two universities. After completing the CSMU-Visual Behavioral Performance questionnaire (CSMU-VBP, with four components: near work, visual perception, visual comfort, and whole-body balance), participants were divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups based on questionnaire findings (cutoff: < 12 vs. ≥ 12 symptoms). Then a 24-step binocular visual examination was undertaken. Data were analyzed with one-sample, Student's, and paired t-tests. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the predictors of binocular visual function required for near work, visual perception, visual comfort, and body balance dimensions.
Among 308 participants, 43 (14%) and 265 (86%) were symptomatic and asymptomatic, respectively. Among the 46 participants with abnormal binocular vision, 36 (78%) reported that they had no obvious symptoms. The commonest dysfunctions were accommodative excess and convergence excess. Most of the binocular visual findings significantly diverged from traditional normal values: amplitude of accommodation, as well as base-in prism to break and recovery points at distance were higher than traditional normal values, whereas others were lower than traditional normal values. Total CSMU-VBP scores indicated that the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups had significant differences in DBO recovery (t = 2.334, p = 0.020) and BAF (t = 1.984, p = 0.048). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded the following binocular visual functional cutoff points: near work (DBO blur < 7, DBO recovery < 5.5), visual perception (MAF < 10.5, BAF < 10.25), visual comfort (DLP < - 2.25, DBI break > 11.5, NBI blur > 15, NBI break > 17.5, NBI recovery > 13, NPC < 5.75), and body balance (NFD_H > - 0.5, gradient AC/A [minus] > 2.25, NPC < 4.75).
The mean values of binocular visual function among young Taiwanese adults were statistically different from traditional normative values. Further research is required to confirm whether these findings reflect impaired binocular vision or stringent criteria. Assessments of binocular visual function, especially binocular accommodation sensitivity, are crucial in routine optometric examination.
摩根和谢曼的视光学扩展计划（OEP）预期的双眼视觉结果在视光学中已有很长的应用历史。随着技术的进步，对双眼功能的需求和标准已经发生了变化。本研究旨在探讨哪些双眼视觉功能可以有效地预测视觉行为表现。
从两所学院和两所大学招募了年龄在 15-24 岁的参与者。在完成 CSMU-视觉行为表现问卷（CSMU-VBP，有四个组成部分：近用工作、视觉感知、视觉舒适度和全身平衡）后，根据问卷结果（截距：<12 与≥12 个症状）将参与者分为有症状和无症状组。然后进行 24 步双眼视觉检查。采用单样本、学生 t 检验和配对 t 检验进行数据分析。此外，还使用受试者工作特征分析来确定近用工作、视觉感知、视觉舒适度和身体平衡维度所需的双眼视觉功能的预测因子。
在 308 名参与者中，有 43 名（14%）和 265 名（86%）有症状和无症状，分别。在 46 名双眼视觉异常的参与者中，有 36 名（78%）报告他们没有明显的症状。最常见的功能障碍是调节过度和集合过度。大多数双眼视觉发现与传统正常值明显不同：调节幅度以及远距棱镜基底向内的打破和恢复点均高于传统正常值，而其他则低于传统正常值。总 CSMU-VBP 评分表明，无症状和有症状组在 DBO 恢复（t=2.334，p=0.020）和 BAF（t=1.984，p=0.048）方面有显著差异。受试者工作特征曲线分析得出以下双眼视觉功能截断值：近用工作（DBO 模糊<7，DBO 恢复<5.5）、视觉感知（MAF<10.5，BAF<10.25）、视觉舒适度（DLP<-2.25，DBI 打破>11.5，NBI 模糊>15，NBI 打破>17.5，NBI 恢复>13，NPC<5.75）和身体平衡（NFD_H>-0.5，梯度 AC/A（减）>2.25，NPC<4.75）。
台湾年轻成年人双眼视觉功能的平均值与传统正常值有统计学差异。需要进一步研究来确认这些发现是否反映了双眼视觉受损或严格的标准。评估双眼视觉功能，特别是双眼调节灵敏度，在常规视光学检查中至关重要。
