Liu Yang, Li Lei, Yan Xianliang, He Xinseng, Zhao Bin
Sports Science Postdoctoral Research Station, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China.
School of Physical Education, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China.
Front Physiol. 2023 Jan 16;13:1099682. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1099682. eCollection 2022.
To bridge the technical gaps in reserve athletes in China's national boxing program and to rapidly improve the overall level of boxing, the Wushu Sports Administration Center of the General Administration of Sports of China has sent outstanding Sanda players to boxing events through cross-border talent transfer. This was done to widely improve the strengths and resources in various fields to prepare for the Tokyo Olympic Games. In view of this, we analyzed and compared differences in biomechanical parameters of the lead straight punch and index of force developments of the lower extremities between Sanda and boxing. The results provide information and insights to bridge the technical gaps in cross-border talent transfer from Sanda to boxing. We employed a Vicon infrared 3D motion capture system, two Kistler platforms, a Kistler target, and a synchronous instrument. Eleven boxers and sixteen Sanda athletes were recruited, and their lead straight punch techniques were compared and analyzed. Three indexes of punch velocity, six indexes of strength measurement, and four indexes of lower extremity strength were analyzed. Significant differences in the peak punch velocity and contact velocity were found between the two groups. Furthermore, significant differences were noted in the peak impulse, peak strength, relative strength, and the rate of force development (RFD). Among the kinetics indexes of lower limbs, the front leg strength index was higher in the boxing group than in the Sanda group, namely the RFD index and RFD/body mass. Based on the disparity in the effects of the lead straight punch and biomechanical parameters of both lower extremities, we can conclude that, compared to the boxers, most Sanda athletes lack standard punching technique. Therefore, it is advised that coaches and practitioners carefully consider selecting Sanda athletes with higher technical standards of punching.
为了弥补中国国家拳击项目后备运动员的技术差距，迅速提高拳击整体水平，国家体育总局武术运动管理中心通过跨界人才输送，选派优秀散打运动员参加拳击项目，广泛整合各领域优势资源，备战东京奥运会。鉴于此，我们分析比较了散打和拳击直拳的生物力学参数及下肢力量发展指标的差异，研究结果为弥补散打跨界转入拳击项目的技术差距提供了参考。我们使用了Vicon红外三维运动捕捉系统、两个Kistler测力台、一个Kistler测力靶及同步仪器，招募了11名拳击运动员和16名散打运动员，对他们的直拳技术进行比较分析，分析了3项拳法速度指标、6项力量测试指标和4项下肢力量指标。结果发现，两组的出拳峰值速度和触击速度存在显著差异，冲量峰值、力量峰值、相对力量及力量发展速率（RFD）也存在显著差异。在下肢动力学指标方面，拳击组前腿力量指标高于散打组，即RFD指标和RFD/体重。基于直拳效果及双下肢生物力学参数的差异，我们得出结论：与拳击运动员相比，多数散打运动员缺乏规范的拳法技术。因此，建议教练和从业人员在选拔散打运动员时，慎重考虑选择拳法技术水平较高的运动员。
