Dairi Mohammad S
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU.
Cureus. 2022 Dec 31;14(12):e33162. doi: 10.7759/cureus.33162. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Chronic lower respiratory diseases are among the commonest causes of hospital admission worldwide. Identifying the trends in hospital admission due to chronic lower respiratory diseases is important for public health and policy makers.
The aim of this study was to examine the hospitalization profile related to chronic lower respiratory diseases in Australia during the past 21 years.
A retrospective ecological study was conducted using hospital admission data taken from the National Hospital Morbidity Database (NHMD). Hospital admissions data for chronic lower respiratory diseases were extracted for the period between 1998 and 2019. The Pearson Chi-square test for independence was used to estimate the variation in hospital admission rates.
The hospitalization rate for chronic lower respiratory diseases rate decreased by 14.4%, from 568.90 (95%CI 565.50-572.30) in 1998 to 486.95 (95%CI 484.24-489.66) in 2019 per 100,000 persons, p<0.05. Rates of same-day hospitalization for chronic lower respiratory diseases increased by 62.7% from 1998 to 2019, while rates of overnight-stay hospital admission for chronic lower respiratory diseases decreased by 23.7% from 1998 to 2019. During the study duration, the hospitalization rates for bronchiectasis and other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increased by 120.0% and 34.7%, respectively. The hospital admissions rates for emphysema, status asthmaticus, simple and mucopurulent chronic bronchitis, bronchitis, not specified as acute or chronic, unspecified chronic bronchitis, and asthma decreased by 94.8%, 92.6%, 70.7%, 66.3%, 46.0%, and 32.3%, respectively. The rates of hospitalization among patients aged 75 years and above increased by 3.9%, while younger age groups including those aged younger than 15 years, 15-59 years, and 60-74 years showed a reduction in the rate of hospitalization by 53%, 22.8%, and 19.7%, respectively.
Overall, the hospitalization rate for chronic lower respiratory diseases is seen to have decreased over the study period. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the elderly group have a higher rate of hospitalization. Future studies are needed to investigate factors associated with the increase in the rate of hospitalization among the elderly age group.
慢性下呼吸道疾病是全球范围内住院治疗最常见的原因之一。确定慢性下呼吸道疾病导致的住院趋势对公共卫生和政策制定者而言至关重要。
本研究的目的是调查澳大利亚过去21年中与慢性下呼吸道疾病相关的住院情况。
采用回顾性生态学研究方法，使用从国家医院发病率数据库（NHMD）获取的住院数据。提取了1998年至2019年期间慢性下呼吸道疾病的住院数据。使用Pearson卡方独立性检验来估计住院率的变化。
慢性下呼吸道疾病的住院率下降了14.4%，从1998年每10万人中的568.90（95%CI 565.50 - 572.30）降至2019年的486.95（95%CI 484.24 - 489.66），p<0.05。1998年至2019年，慢性下呼吸道疾病的当日住院率上升了62.7%，而慢性下呼吸道疾病的过夜住院率下降了23.7%。在研究期间，支气管扩张症和其他慢性阻塞性肺疾病的住院率分别上升了120.0%和34.7%。肺气肿、哮喘持续状态、单纯性和黏液脓性慢性支气管炎、未明确为急性或慢性的支气管炎、未明确的慢性支气管炎以及哮喘的住院率分别下降了94.8%、92.6%、70.7%、66.3%、46.0%和32.3%。75岁及以上患者的住院率上升了3.9%，而包括15岁以下、15 - 59岁和60 - 74岁在内的较年轻年龄组的住院率分别下降了53%、22.8%和19.7%。
总体而言，在研究期间慢性下呼吸道疾病的住院率有所下降。慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者和老年组的住院率较高。未来需要开展研究以调查与老年年龄组住院率上升相关的因素。
