Mehta Yash, Fulmali Darshna G
Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2022 Dec 31;14(12):e33160. doi: 10.7759/cureus.33160. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by a compromised skin barrier due to a variety of reasons, such as hereditary predisposition, immunological overactivity, and skin microbiome disruption. There is strong evidence linking food allergies (FA) with AD in some children, and many children with AD develop asymptomatic food sensitivity. FA and AD are two frequent childhood illnesses that are closely related. Food allergies affect 30% of kids suffering from moderate and severe eczema and can cause a variety of symptoms, including dry, cracked skin, rash, itchiness, oozing, and crusted skin. While preteens and teens with AD are commonly sensitive to environmental allergens including house dust mites, mold, pollen, or dander of animals, younger kids with AD typically exhibit sensitivity to food items like peanuts, milk, or eggs. A food challenge test (FC) should be used to confirm allergies before recommending a stringent diet that could be hazardous to the patient. While elimination diets continue to be the cornerstone of the management of FA, they should only be carried out under the guidance of a specialist. Topical treatments are crucial for all individuals with AD. Early skin care with emollients, topical steroid treatment, and early introduction of highly allergenic foods are promising methods of alleviating symptoms of AD.
特应性皮炎（AD）是一种慢性炎症性皮肤病，其特征是由于多种原因导致皮肤屏障受损，如遗传易感性、免疫活性过高和皮肤微生物群破坏。有强有力的证据表明，某些儿童的食物过敏（FA）与AD有关，许多AD患儿会出现无症状的食物敏感性。FA和AD是两种常见且密切相关的儿童疾病。食物过敏影响30%患有中度和重度湿疹的儿童，并可引起多种症状，包括皮肤干燥、皲裂、皮疹、瘙痒、渗出和结痂。虽然患有AD的青少年通常对环境过敏原敏感，包括屋尘螨、霉菌、花粉或动物皮屑，但患有AD的年幼儿童通常对花生、牛奶或鸡蛋等食物敏感。在推荐可能对患者有害的严格饮食之前，应使用食物激发试验（FC）来确认过敏。虽然排除饮食仍然是FA管理的基石，但它们应该只在专科医生的指导下进行。局部治疗对所有AD患者都至关重要。早期使用润肤剂进行皮肤护理、局部类固醇治疗以及早期引入高致敏性食物是缓解AD症状的有前景的方法。
