Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, Lancashire, UK.
Pharmacol Rep. 2023 Oct;75(5):1066-1095. doi: 10.1007/s43440-023-00510-3. Epub 2023 Sep 5.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a predominant and deteriorating chronic inflammation of the skin, categorized by a burning sensation and eczematous lesions in diverse portions of the body. The treatment of AD is exclusively focused to limit the itching, reduce inflammation, and repair the breached barrier of the skin. Several therapeutic agents for the treatment and management of AD have been reported and are in use in clinics. However, the topical treatment of AD has been an unswerving challenge for the medical fraternity owing to the impaired skin barrier function in this chronic skin condition. To surmount the problems of conventional drug delivery systems, numerous nanotechnology-based formulations are emerging as alternative new modalities for AD. Latter enhances the bioavailability and delivery to the target disease site, improves drug permeation and therapeutic efficacy with reduced systemic and off-target side effects, and thus improves patient health and promotes compliance. This review aims to describe the various pathophysiological events involved in the occurrence of AD, current challenges in treatment, evidence of molecular markers of AD and its management, combinatorial treatment options, and the intervention of nanotechnology-based formulations for AD therapeutics.
特应性皮炎（AD）是一种主要的、进行性的慢性皮肤炎症，其特征是身体不同部位出现烧灼感和湿疹样损伤。AD 的治疗方法主要集中在限制瘙痒、减轻炎症和修复受损的皮肤屏障。已经报道了多种用于治疗和管理 AD 的治疗药物，并在临床上使用。然而，由于这种慢性皮肤病的皮肤屏障功能受损，AD 的局部治疗一直是医学界的一个难题。为了克服传统药物输送系统的问题，基于纳米技术的各种制剂作为 AD 的替代新方法正在出现。后者可以提高生物利用度和向靶疾病部位的输送，改善药物渗透和治疗效果，减少全身和非靶部位的副作用，从而改善患者的健康状况并提高依从性。本综述旨在描述 AD 发生的各种病理生理事件、治疗中的当前挑战、AD 的分子标志物及其管理的证据、联合治疗方案以及基于纳米技术的制剂对 AD 治疗的干预。
