新冠大流行第一年中带薪病假获取机会的差距。
Disparities in Access to Paid Sick Leave During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
机构信息
From the Public Health Program, Schools of Arts and Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA.
出版信息
J Occup Environ Med. 2023 May 1;65(5):370-377. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002784. Epub 2023 Jan 8.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
This study sought to assess disparities in access to paid sick leave in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic based on demographic and socioeconomic factors.
METHODS
The percentage of workers with access to paid sick leave was calculated according to age group, sex, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, region, health insurance coverage, receiving public assistance, income, occupation, and industry.
RESULTS
A total of 65.6% of workers had access to paid sick leave. Access was lowest among Hispanic workers, workers with less than a high school education, and workers without health insurance coverage.
CONCLUSIONS
There were wide disparities in access to paid sick leave during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may be associated with disparities in the risk for COVID-19. The introduction of mandatory paid sick leave may serve to protect workers from the spread of infectious diseases.
摘要
目的
本研究旨在根据人口统计学和社会经济因素，评估 COVID-19 大流行第一年中获得带薪病假的机会存在差异。
方法
根据年龄组、性别、种族/民族、教育程度、地区、医疗保险覆盖范围、接受公共援助、收入、职业和行业，计算出有资格获得带薪病假的工人的百分比。
结果
共有 65.6%的工人有资格获得带薪病假。获得带薪病假的机会最低的是西班牙裔工人、未完成高中学业的工人和没有医疗保险的工人。
结论
在 COVID-19 大流行的第一年，获得带薪病假的机会存在广泛差异，这可能与 COVID-19 的风险存在差异有关。强制带薪病假的引入可能有助于保护工人免受传染病的传播。
相似文献
1
Disparities in Access to Paid Sick Leave During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic.新冠大流行第一年中带薪病假获取机会的差距。
J Occup Environ Med. 2023 May 1;65(5):370-377. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002784. Epub 2023 Jan 8.
2
Paid Sick Leave and Healthcare Utilization in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.带薪病假与成年人医疗保健利用：系统评价和荟萃分析。
Am J Prev Med. 2021 Jun;60(6):856-865. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.01.009. Epub 2021 Mar 27.
3
Pre-employment examinations for preventing injury, disease and sick leave in workers.为预防工人受伤、患病和病假而进行的入职前检查。
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jan 12;2016(1):CD008881. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008881.pub2.
4
Paid Leave Mandates and Care for Older Parents.带薪休假政策与照顾老年父母
Milbank Q. 2024 Sep;102(3):732-764. doi: 10.1111/1468-0009.12708. Epub 2024 Jun 20.
5
Disparities in Internet Medical Service Utilization Among Patients in Post-COVID-19 China: Cross-Sectional Study of Data From Provincial Field and National Online Surveys.新冠疫情后中国患者互联网医疗服务利用的差异：基于省级实地调查和全国在线调查数据的横断面研究
J Med Internet Res. 2025 Aug 1;27:e60546. doi: 10.2196/60546.
6
Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.物理干预措施以阻断或减少呼吸道病毒的传播。
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jan 30;1(1):CD006207. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006207.pub6.
7
The Impact of Parental and Medical Leave Policies on Socioeconomic and Health Outcomes in OECD Countries: A Systematic Review of the Empirical Literature.经合组织国家中父母和医疗假政策对社会经济和健康结果的影响：对实证文献的系统回顾。
Milbank Q. 2018 Sep;96(3):434-471. doi: 10.1111/1468-0009.12340.
8
Racial and ethnic disparities in fecundability: a North American preconception cohort study.生育力方面的种族和族裔差异：一项北美孕前队列研究。
Hum Reprod. 2025 Apr 17. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deaf067.
9
Physical conditioning as part of a return to work strategy to reduce sickness absence for workers with back pain.体能训练作为重返工作岗位策略的一部分，以减少背痛工人的病假天数。
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Aug 30;2013(8):CD001822. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001822.pub3.
10
The effect of sample site and collection procedure on identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection.样本采集部位和采集程序对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染鉴定的影响。
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024 Dec 16;12(12):CD014780. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014780.
引用本文的文献
1
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on healthcare and essential workers: A longitudinal study of PROMIS-29 outcomes.严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2对医疗保健和关键工作者的影响：一项关于患者报告结果测量信息系统29项结果的纵向研究。
PLoS One. 2025 Jul 18;20(7):e0324755. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324755. eCollection 2025.
2
Access to Paid Sick Leave and COVID-19 Vaccination Status Among Employed Adults Aged 18-64 Years in the United States, 2021-2022.2021 - 2022年美国18 - 64岁就业成年人的带薪病假获取情况及新冠疫苗接种状况
Am J Public Health. 2025 Aug;115(8):1308-1311. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2025.308095. Epub 2025 May 22.
3
Enhancing mass vaccination programs with queueing theory and spatial optimization.运用排队论和空间优化提升大规模疫苗接种计划。
Front Public Health. 2024 Dec 24;12:1440673. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1440673. eCollection 2024.
4
Enhancing Mass Vaccination Programs with Queueing Theory and Spatial Optimization.运用排队论和空间优化提升大规模疫苗接种计划
medRxiv. 2024 Jul 9:2024.06.14.24308958. doi: 10.1101/2024.06.14.24308958.
5
Vitamin D Supplementation and Prior Oral Poliovirus Vaccination Decrease Odds of COVID-19 Outcomes among Adults Recently Inoculated with Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine.补充维生素D和先前接种口服脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗可降低近期接种灭活脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗的成年人出现新冠病毒病相关结果的几率。
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Jan 24;12(2):121. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12020121.
6
Paid Sick Leave and Self-Reported Depression and Anxiety: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Longitudinal Survey.带薪病假与自我报告的抑郁和焦虑：来自全国代表性纵向调查的证据
Am J Prev Med. 2024 Apr;66(4):627-634. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.11.012. Epub 2023 Nov 17.
7
The Other Side of the Balance Sheet: Work as a Fundamental Determinant of Health.资产负债表的另一面：工作是健康的基本决定因素。
Am J Public Health. 2023 Jun;113(6):631-633. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2023.307300. Epub 2023 Apr 20.
本文引用的文献
1
Higher COVID-19 Vaccination And Narrower Disparities In US Cities With Paid Sick Leave Compared To Those Without.与没有带薪病假的城市相比，美国有带薪病假的城市 COVID-19 疫苗接种率更高，差距也更小。
Health Aff (Millwood). 2022 Nov;41(11):1565-1574. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00779.
2
Measuring Work-related Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Comparison of COVID-19 Incidence by Occupation and Industry-Wisconsin, September 2020 to May 2021.测量与新型冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）相关的工作风险：按职业和行业划分的 COVID-19 发病率比较-威斯康星州，2020 年 9 月至 2021 年 5 月。
Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Feb 8;76(3):e163-e171. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac586.
3
Paid sick leave among US private sector employees.美国私营部门员工的带薪病假
Am J Ind Med. 2022 Sep;65(9):743-748. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23417. Epub 2022 Jul 23.
4
"Tell Me, Who's That They're Letting Down?": COVID-19 and the Working Class.“告诉我，他们让谁失望了？”：新冠疫情与工人阶级
Am J Public Health. 2022 Aug;112(8):1081-1083. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2022.306928.
5
Workplaces Most Affected by COVID-19 Outbreaks in California, January 2020-August 2021.加利福尼亚州 2020 年 1 月至 2021 年 8 月期间受 COVID-19 疫情影响最严重的工作场所。
Am J Public Health. 2022 Aug;112(8):1180-1190. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2022.306862.
6
Joint Effects of Socioeconomic Position, Race/Ethnicity, and Gender on COVID-19 Mortality among Working-Age Adults in the United States.社会经济地位、种族/民族和性别对美国工作年龄成年人 COVID-19 死亡率的联合影响。
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 30;19(9):5479. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095479.
7
Variation in COVID-19 Mortality in the US by Race and Ethnicity and Educational Attainment.美国 COVID-19 死亡率的种族和民族差异以及教育程度差异。
JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Nov 1;4(11):e2135967. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.35967.
8
Olive Garden's Expansion Of Paid Sick Leave During COVID-19 Reduced The Share Of Employees Working While Sick.在 COVID-19 期间，橄榄花园扩大带薪病假范围，减少了员工带病工作的比例。
Health Aff (Millwood). 2021 Aug;40(8):1328-1336. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.02320.
9
Awareness and use of (emergency) sick leave: US employees' unaddressed sick leave needs in a global pandemic.（紧急）病假的认知和使用：大流行期间美国员工未得到满足的病假需求。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Jul 20;118(29). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2107670118.
10
Excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic among Californians 18-65 years of age, by occupational sector and occupation: March through November 2020.2020 年 3 月至 11 月期间，加利福尼亚州 18-65 岁人群中与 COVID-19 大流行相关的超额死亡率，按职业部门和职业分类。
PLoS One. 2021 Jun 4;16(6):e0252454. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252454. eCollection 2021.
Zotero 插件