McClean Zachary, Iannetta Danilo, Macinnis Martin, Aboodarda Saied Jalal
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, CANADA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2023 Apr 1;55(4):690-699. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003097. Epub 2022 Dec 5.
The intensity, duration, and distribution of work and recovery phases during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) modulate metabolic perturbations during exercise and subsequently influence the development of performance fatigability and exercise tolerance. This study aimed to characterize neuromuscular, perceptual, and cardiorespiratory responses to work-to-rest ratio-matched HIIT protocols differing in work and rest interval duration.
Twelve healthy individuals (six women) first completed a ramp incremental test to determine 90% of peak power output, and then in three randomized visits, they completed three cycling protocols to task failure at 90% of peak power output: (i) 3- to 3-min work-to-passive rest ratio HIIT (HIIT 3min ), (ii) 1- to 1-min work-to-passive rest ratio HIIT (HIIT 1min ), and (iii) constant load (CL). Interpolated twitch technique, including maximal voluntary isometric knee extensions and femoral nerve electrical stimuli, was performed at baseline, every 6 min of work, and task failure. Perceptual and cardiorespiratory responses were recorded every 3 min and continuously across the exercises, respectively.
The work completed during HIIT 1min (8447 ± 5124 kJ) was considerably greater than HIIT 3min (1930 ± 712 kJ) and CL (1076 ± 356) ( P < 0.001). At work-matched, HIIT 1min resulted in a lesser decline in maximal voluntary contraction and twitch force compared with HIIT 3min and CL ( P < 0.001). Perceived effort, pain, and dyspnea were least in HIIT 1min and HIIT 3min compared with CL ( P < 0.001). At task failure, HIIT 1min resulted in less voluntary activation than HIIT 3min ( P = 0.010) and CL ( P = 0.043), and engendered less twitch force decline than CL ( P = 0.021).
Overall, the mitigated physiological and perceptual responses during shorter work periods (HIIT 1min ) enhance exercise tolerance in comparison to longer work intervals at the same intensity (HIIT 3min , CL).
高强度间歇训练（HIIT）期间工作和恢复阶段的强度、持续时间和分布会调节运动期间的代谢紊乱，进而影响运动疲劳和运动耐力的发展。本研究旨在描述对工作与休息时间比例匹配但工作和休息间隔持续时间不同的HIIT方案的神经肌肉、感知和心肺反应。
12名健康个体（6名女性）首先完成一次递增负荷测试，以确定峰值功率输出的90%，然后在三次随机访视中，他们以峰值功率输出的90%完成三个自行车运动方案直至任务失败：（i）3分钟工作与3分钟被动休息比例的HIIT（HIIT 3min），（ii）1分钟工作与1分钟被动休息比例的HIIT（HIIT 1min），以及（iii）恒定负荷（CL）。在基线、每6分钟工作期间以及任务失败时进行内插抽搐技术，包括最大自主等长膝关节伸展和股神经电刺激。分别每3分钟记录一次感知反应，并在整个运动过程中持续记录心肺反应。
HIIT 1min期间完成的工作量（8447±5124 kJ）显著大于HIIT 3min（1930±712 kJ）和CL（1076±356）（P<0.001）。在工作匹配时，与HIIT 3min和CL相比，HIIT 1min导致最大自主收缩和抽搐力的下降较小（P<0.001）。与CL相比，HIIT 1min和HIIT 3min的主观用力、疼痛和呼吸困难程度最低（P<0.001）。在任务失败时，HIIT 1min导致的自主激活比HIIT 3min（P = 0.010）和CL（P = 0.043）少，并且抽搐力下降比CL少（P = 0.021）。
总体而言，与相同强度下较长工作间隔（HIIT 3min，CL）相比，较短工作时间（HIIT 1min）期间减轻的生理和感知反应可提高运动耐力。
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