College of Geography and Environmental Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, PR China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Environmental Change of Tropical Islands, Hainan Province, PR China.
College of Geography and Environmental Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, PR China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Environmental Change of Tropical Islands, Hainan Province, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Apr 20;870:161835. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161835. Epub 2023 Jan 31.
With the application of plastic products, phthalates now widely occur in various environmental media. A large number of ecological risk assessment experiments have only been carried out on a single medium such as water or sediment. There are few reports of ecological risk assessments based on the phase states of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) such as the free dissolved state and the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) adsorption state. In this study, the concentrations of the free dissolved state, the DOC adsorption state, and the easily released PAEs in the sediments, as well as the dissolved organic carbon release potential and their influencing factors were calculated in the Dongzhaigang water body. The potential ecological risks posed by state-of-the-art PAEs were investigated. The average concentration of six freely dissolved PAEs in water was 0.542 (0.226-1.115) μg/L, accounting for 76.3 % of the total PAEs. The PAEs with the highest concentrations in the free dissolved state were di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP, 0.383 μg/L), followed by Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP, 0.094 μg/L). The average concentration of all six PAEs (∑6PAEs) adsorbed by the DOC in the water was 0.172 μg/L, accounting for 23.74 % of all of the PAEs. The DOC-adsorbed DEHP (0.148 μg/L) accounted for about 86 % of the six adsorbed PAEs. Sediment organic carbon may affect the release potential of the DOC through changing the soluble organic carbon concentration. Most types of PAEs in water posed low risk to organisms. However, DBP posed low and medium risk to algae and crustaceans, and medium risk to fish. Medium or high risk of DEHP to algae, crustaceans and fish was observed. The high ecological risk of PAEs related to sediments were only found at S13 and S14. Generally, the potential ecological risk of PAEs in sediment was more stable than that in water bodies.
随着塑料制品的应用，邻苯二甲酸酯现在广泛存在于各种环境介质中。大量的生态风险评估实验仅在水或沉积物等单一介质中进行。基于邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的自由溶解态和溶解有机碳（DOC）吸附态等相态的生态风险评估报告很少。本研究计算了东寨港水体中自由溶解态、DOC 吸附态和易释放态 PAEs 的浓度，以及溶解有机碳释放潜力及其影响因素，并对当前技术状态下 PAEs 的潜在生态风险进行了研究。水相中六种自由溶解态 PAEs 的平均浓度为 0.542（0.226-1.115）μg/L，占总 PAEs 的 76.3%。自由溶解态浓度最高的 PAEs 是邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP，0.383μg/L），其次是邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP，0.094μg/L）。水中所有六种 PAEs（∑6PAEs）被 DOC 吸附的平均浓度为 0.172μg/L，占所有 PAEs 的 23.74%。被 DOC 吸附的 DEHP（0.148μg/L）占六种吸附态 PAEs 的约 86%。沉积物有机碳可能通过改变可溶性有机碳浓度来影响 DOC 的释放潜力。水中大多数类型的 PAEs 对生物的风险较低。然而，DBP 对藻类和甲壳类动物的风险为低-中，对鱼类的风险为中。DEHP 对藻类、甲壳类动物和鱼类的风险为中-高。仅在 S13 和 S14 处发现与沉积物相关的 PAEs 具有高生态风险。一般来说，PAEs 在沉积物中的潜在生态风险比在水体中更稳定。
