Health Policy and Management Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205 United States of America.
Bull World Health Organ. 2023 Feb 1;101(2):121-129. doi: 10.2471/BLT.22.288857. Epub 2022 Dec 1.
To identify the scope and nature of agricultural biodiversity actions within the climate adaptation plans of a sample of large world cities.
I evaluated data from the 2021 Cities Climate Adaptation Actions database curated by the Carbon Disclosure Project. Cities with a population over 1 million and reporting at least one adaptation action were included. I identified actions involving agriculture and biodiversity using a framework consisting of five agrobiodiversity categories: urban and peri-urban land use and water management, and urban food supply chains, food availability and food environments. I also identified reported health co-benefits and health sector involvement.
Of 141 cities reviewed, 61 cities reported actions on agricultural biodiversity, mostly supporting land use or water management. Key health outcomes addressed were illnesses linked to air pollution and excessive heat and vector-borne diseases, corresponding with cities' major health concerns. Greenhouse gas mitigation was also addressed by many cities. Fewer cities reported actions in food categories or concern for noncommunicable diseases or poor nutrition. Nearly two thirds of cities (40/61) reported health co-benefits or health-sector involvement for at least one intervention. A higher proportion of the 43 cities in low- and middle-income countries reported agrobiodiversity actions and health co-benefits than the 18 cities in high-income countries.
Cities are key partners in achieving sustainable global agriculture that promotes health and supports climate and biodiversity goals. Cities can enhance this role through climate adaptation plans with strong health engagement, a focus on nature-based solutions and greater emphasis on food and nutrition.
确定大型世界城市样本的气候适应计划中农业生物多样性行动的范围和性质。
我评估了由 Carbon Disclosure Project 管理的 2021 年城市气候适应行动数据库中的数据。包括人口超过 100 万且至少报告了一项适应行动的城市。我使用由五个农业生物多样性类别组成的框架来识别涉及农业和生物多样性的行动：城市和城市周边土地利用和水管理，以及城市食品供应链、食品供应和食品环境。我还确定了报告的健康共同效益和卫生部门参与情况。
在所审查的 141 个城市中，有 61 个城市报告了农业生物多样性方面的行动，主要支持土地利用或水管理。解决的主要健康问题是与空气污染和过热以及病媒传播疾病相关的疾病，这与城市的主要健康问题相对应。许多城市还解决了温室气体减排问题。较少的城市报告了食品类别的行动或对非传染性疾病或营养不良的关注。近三分之二（40/61）的城市报告了至少一项干预措施的健康共同效益或卫生部门参与。在中低收入国家的 43 个城市中，报告农业生物多样性行动和健康共同效益的比例高于高收入国家的 18 个城市。
城市是实现促进健康并支持气候和生物多样性目标的可持续全球农业的关键合作伙伴。城市可以通过具有强大健康参与度、关注基于自然的解决方案以及更加重视粮食和营养的气候适应计划来增强这一作用。
