Chua Joelle Yan Xin, Choolani Mahesh, Chee Cornelia Yin Ing, Chan Yiong Huak, Lalor Joan Gabrielle, Chong Yap Seng, Shorey Shefaly
Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, Singapore.
J Midwifery Womens Health. 2023 Jul-Aug;68(4):480-489. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.13472. Epub 2023 Feb 3.
Chatbots, which are also known as conversational or virtual agents, are digital programs that can interact with humans using voice, text, or animation. They have shown promise in providing preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum care. This review aims to consolidate the insights of parents and parents-to-be in using chatbots to improve their preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum health.
Seven electronic databases were searched from their inception dates until April 2022 (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) for relevant studies. English language primary studies that were conducted on parents or parents-to-be aged ≥18 years old who had undergone interventions involving the use of any type of chatbot were included in this review. The quality of included studies was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A convergent qualitative synthesis design for mixed studies reviews was used to synthesize the findings, and results were thematically analyzed.
Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria: quantitative (n = 11), qualitative (n = 1), and mixed method (n = 3). Three main themes were identified: (1) welcoming a new health resource, (2) obstacles blocking the way, and (3) moving toward a digital health era.
Parents and parents-to-be appreciated the informational, socioemotional, and psychological support provided by chatbots. Recommendations for technological improvements in the functionality of the chatbots were made that include training sessions for health care providers to familiarize them with this new digital technology. Multidisciplinary chatbot development teams could also be established to develop more comprehensive chatbot-delivered health programs for more diverse populations.
聊天机器人，也被称为对话式或虚拟代理，是能够通过语音、文本或动画与人类进行交互的数字程序。它们在提供孕前、孕期和产后护理方面展现出了前景。本综述旨在整合准父母和新父母在使用聊天机器人改善其孕前、孕期和产后健康方面的见解。
从七个电子数据库自建库之日起至2022年4月进行检索（PubMed、Embase、CINAHL、PsycINFO、Web of Science、Scopus和ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global）以查找相关研究。本综述纳入了针对年龄≥18岁的准父母或新父母开展的、涉及使用任何类型聊天机器人干预措施的英语语言的原发性研究。使用混合方法评估工具对纳入研究的质量进行评估。采用混合研究综述的收敛性定性综合设计来综合研究结果，并对结果进行主题分析。
十五项研究符合纳入标准：定量研究（n = 11）、定性研究（n = 1）和混合方法研究（n = 3）。确定了三个主要主题：（1）欢迎一种新的健康资源，（2）阻碍前行的障碍，（3）迈向数字健康时代。
准父母和新父母赞赏聊天机器人提供的信息、社会情感和心理支持。针对聊天机器人功能的技术改进提出了建议，包括为医疗保健提供者开展培训课程，使他们熟悉这种新的数字技术。还可以组建多学科聊天机器人开发团队，为更多样化的人群开发更全面的由聊天机器人提供的健康项目。
