Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2023 Apr;47(4):280-287. doi: 10.1038/s41366-023-01261-0. Epub 2023 Feb 3.
Rapid growth and excess weight in early childhood are associated with obesity risk. While maternal preconception BMI has been identified as a potential risk factor, the role of paternal preconception BMI is less clear.
To examine the association between paternal preconception BMI and age- and sex-standardized WHO BMI z-score (zBMI) growth rates, zBMI, and weight status, in 0- to 10-year-old children. To determine whether these associations differed by child sex and maternal preconception weight status.
A longitudinal cohort study was conducted through The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!). Children (n = 218) underwent repeated measures of height and weight from birth to 10 years old. Piecewise linear mixed models were used to assess the association between paternal preconception BMI and child zBMI growth rates (zBMI SD units/month) between 0, 4, 30, 48 and 120 months of age. Linear mixed models were used to examine the association with child zBMI, and logistic generalized estimation equations (GEE) were used to assess the association with child weight status. Child sex and maternal preconception weight status were tested as effect modifiers.
Paternal preconception BMI was associated with child zBMI growth rate, mean zBMI and weight status in boys, but not girls. A 5 kg/m higher paternal preconception BMI was associated with approximately 0.01 zBMI SD unit/month higher growth rate for boys born to mothers with preconception overweight. Higher paternal BMI was associated with higher mean zBMI and increased odds of overweight and obesity in boys, with greater effects seen when mothers had preconception overweight compared to normal weight.
Paternal preconception BMI was associated with child zBMI growth rate, zBMI and weight status in boys, with greater effects when the biological mother had preconception overweight or obesity. Further understanding of sex differences in paternal preconception weight effects in children is needed.
儿童早期的快速生长和超重与肥胖风险相关。虽然母亲孕前 BMI 已被确定为潜在的危险因素，但父亲孕前 BMI 的作用尚不清楚。
研究父亲孕前 BMI 与 0-10 岁儿童年龄和性别标准化 WHO BMI z 评分（zBMI）增长率、zBMI 和体重状况之间的关系。并确定这些关联是否因儿童性别和母亲孕前体重状况而异。
通过应用儿童研究小组（TARGet Kids！）进行了一项纵向队列研究。从出生到 10 岁，对儿童进行了多次身高和体重的重复测量。分段线性混合模型用于评估父亲孕前 BMI 与 0、4、30、48 和 120 个月龄儿童 zBMI 增长率（zBMI 标准差单位/月）之间的关系。线性混合模型用于检查与儿童 zBMI 的关系，逻辑广义估计方程（GEE）用于评估与儿童体重状况的关系。儿童性别和母亲孕前体重状况被测试为效应修饰剂。
父亲孕前 BMI 与男孩的儿童 zBMI 增长率、平均 zBMI 和体重状况相关，但与女孩无关。对于母亲孕前超重的男孩，父亲孕前 BMI 每增加 5kg/m2，儿童 zBMI 增长率约增加 0.01 zBMI 标准差单位/月。较高的父亲 BMI 与男孩的平均 zBMI 较高和超重及肥胖的几率增加相关，当生物学母亲孕前超重时，影响更大。
父亲孕前 BMI 与男孩的儿童 zBMI 增长率、zBMI 和体重状况相关，当生物学母亲孕前超重或肥胖时，影响更大。需要进一步了解父亲孕前体重对儿童的性别差异影响。
