Apaydin Cirik Vildan, Gül Uğur, Kihtir Zeynep, Arayici Sema, Efe Emine, Çakmak Havva, Çalişkan Fatma
Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, Karaman, Turkey.
Child Health Nursing Department, Nursing Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
J Pediatr Nurs. 2023 May-Jun;70:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.01.005. Epub 2023 Feb 2.
Heel stick sampling, a common procedure in newborns, causes acute pain.
This study aims to measure the outcome of five various non-pharmacologic pain relief groups; maternal voice, white noise, holding, maternal voice+holding, and white noise+holding.
The study is an open label, randomized controlled trial. A total of 178 newborns were included in this study. Newborns were randomly allocated to each group; white noise (n = 31), maternal voice (n = 31), holding (n = 30), white noise+holding (n = 29), maternal voice+holding (n = 28), and control (n = 29) interventions. Newborns' pain responses were evaluated using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), and the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP). The primary measured outcomes were the newborns' pain levels, while the secondary outcomes were the heart rate and changes in oxygen saturation. The mean values of pain in neonates between groups were evaluated one minute before (Phase1), during (Phase2), and one minute after (Phase3) the procedure.
The research results are given with comparisons in three time periods (Phase1, Phase2 and Phase3). White noise and white noise+holding were found to have the lowest mean NIPS and PIPP score (p < 0.001). The mean heart rate was found to be the lowest in the white noise+holding group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of oxygen saturation score (p = 0.453).
The white noise+holding applied to newborns during heel stick sampling were effective in pain reduction. Nurses and midwives can use white noise+holding method.
These results contribute to the pain management of newborns.
足跟采血是新生儿常见的操作，会引起急性疼痛。
本研究旨在衡量五个不同非药物性疼痛缓解组的效果；母亲声音、白噪音、怀抱、母亲声音+怀抱，以及白噪音+怀抱。
本研究为开放标签、随机对照试验。本研究共纳入178名新生儿。新生儿被随机分配到每组；白噪音组（n = 31）、母亲声音组（n = 31）、怀抱组（n = 30）、白噪音+怀抱组（n = 29）、母亲声音+怀抱组（n = 28），以及对照组（n = 29）进行干预。使用新生儿疼痛量表（NIPS）和早产儿疼痛量表（PIPP）评估新生儿的疼痛反应。主要测量结果是新生儿的疼痛程度，次要结果是心率和血氧饱和度变化。在操作前一分钟（阶段1）、操作期间（阶段2）和操作后一分钟（阶段3）评估各组新生儿的平均疼痛值。
研究结果给出了三个时间段（阶段1、阶段2和阶段3）的比较情况。发现白噪音组和白噪音+怀抱组的平均NIPS和PIPP得分最低（p < 0.001）。发现白噪音+怀抱组的平均心率最低（p < 0.001）。各组在血氧饱和度得分方面无显著差异（p = 0.453）。
足跟采血时对新生儿应用白噪音+怀抱在减轻疼痛方面有效。护士和助产士可采用白噪音+怀抱方法。
这些结果有助于新生儿的疼痛管理。
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