Chen Qiqing, Gao Zhuo, Wu Yan, Li Haifeng, Jiang Jing, Yang Yan, Xu Li, Shi Huahong
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2023 Apr 15;448:130861. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130861. Epub 2023 Jan 24.
Distinct hydrodynamic conditions created a hotspot of plastic and associated additive pollution within estuaries, which is of considerable scientific interest. However, the effects of specific estuarine weathering (severe mechanical wear, constant turbulence, and strong ultraviolet radiation) on migration of additives remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the release of migrated plastic additives (MPAs) from three representative plastics, namely floating foam, fishing nets, and packaging bags, under simulated estuarine conditions. Sixty-seven MPAs leached out under the wave scenario, greater than those under the ultraviolet radiation (62) and shoal (40) scenarios. We detected forty MPAs in the plastic bag leachates, whereas fewer MPAs were released from the foam and nets. Several MPAs were peculiar to specific plastics, e.g., antistatic and curing agents in the bag and foam leachates, respectively. Particularly, a suite of nonionic surfactants, octylphenol polyethoxylates (OPEO), exhibited outstanding responses in the packaging bag leachates and had elevated toxic potential. OPEO significantly inhibited the hatching of zebrafish and caused cardiovascular system disorder and morphological distortions even at environmentally relevant concentrations as in estuaries. Collectively, the leaching of MPAs was significantly enhanced by wave actions, and the plastic leachates, particularly those of plastic bags, can cause detrimental risks to the estuarine ecosystem.
独特的水动力条件在河口内形成了一个塑料及相关添加剂污染的热点区域，这具有相当大的科学研究价值。然而，特定河口风化作用（严重的机械磨损、持续的湍流和强烈的紫外线辐射）对添加剂迁移的影响仍不明确。因此，我们研究了在模拟河口条件下，三种代表性塑料，即浮泡、渔网和包装袋中迁移的塑料添加剂（MPA）的释放情况。在波浪情景下有67种MPA渗出，多于紫外线辐射情景（62种）和浅滩情景（40种）。我们在塑料袋渗滤液中检测到40种MPA，而从泡沫和网中释放的MPA较少。有几种MPA是特定塑料所特有的，例如分别在袋子和泡沫渗滤液中的抗静电剂和固化剂。特别地，一组非离子表面活性剂，辛基酚聚乙氧基化物（OPEO），在包装袋渗滤液中表现出显著反应，并且具有较高的潜在毒性。即使在河口环境相关浓度下，OPEO也能显著抑制斑马鱼的孵化，并导致心血管系统紊乱和形态畸变。总体而言，波浪作用显著增强了MPA的浸出，塑料渗滤液，尤其是塑料袋渗滤液，会对河口生态系统造成有害风险。
