Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2023 Sep 15;458:132015. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132015. Epub 2023 Jul 8.
Plastic products such as fishing nets and foam buoys have been widely used in aquaculture. To enhance the desirable characteristics of the final equipment, plastic gear for aquaculture is mixed with a wide range of additives. Recent studies have shown that additives could be leached out to the environment with a long-term use of aquaculture plastics, forming aquaculture-derived plastic leachates. It should be emphasized that some leachates such as phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) are endocrine disruptors, which could increase the exposure risk of aquatic products and subsequently display potential threats to human health via food chain. However, systematic studies on the release, occurrence, bioaccumulation, and toxic effects of aquaculture-derived plastic leachates are missing, overlooking their potential sources and ecotoxicological risks in aquatic environments. We have reviewed and compared the concentrations of major plastic leachates in the water environment and organisms of global aquaculture and non-farmed areas, confirming that aquaculture leachate is an important source of contaminants in the environment. Moreover, the toxic effects of aquaculture-derived plastic additives and the related mechanisms are summarized with fish as a representative, revealing their potential health risk. In addition, we proposed current challenges and future research needs, which provides scientific guidance for the use and management of plastic products in aquaculture industries.
塑料制品，如渔网和泡沫浮标，已广泛应用于水产养殖。为了提高最终设备的理想特性，水产养殖用塑料齿轮混合了广泛的添加剂。最近的研究表明，随着水产养殖塑料的长期使用，添加剂可能会浸出到环境中，形成水产养殖衍生塑料浸出物。值得强调的是，一些浸出物，如邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）和有机磷酸酯（OPEs），是内分泌干扰物，这可能会增加水生产品的暴露风险，并通过食物链对人类健康产生潜在威胁。然而，关于水产养殖衍生塑料浸出物的释放、出现、生物累积和毒性效应的系统研究还很缺乏，忽视了它们在水生环境中的潜在来源和生态毒性风险。我们对全球水产养殖和非养殖地区的水环境和生物中主要塑料浸出物的浓度进行了综述和比较，证实了水产养殖浸出物是环境中污染物的重要来源。此外，我们还总结了水产养殖衍生塑料添加剂的毒性效应及其相关机制，并以鱼类为代表，揭示了其潜在的健康风险。此外，我们提出了当前的挑战和未来的研究需求，为水产养殖行业中塑料产品的使用和管理提供了科学指导。
