State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China.
State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 May 1;871:161988. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161988. Epub 2023 Feb 3.
Common cyanotoxins, such as microcystins and nodularins, are produced by frequently occurring harmful cyanobacterial algal blooms in freshwater systems. The required routine monitoring of microcystins and nodularins in drinking water and ambient water demands cost-efficient and reliable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. We validated the performance of a self-produced broad-spectrum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and investigated two different methods of mitigating the matrix effects to elucidate the effect of the respective pretreatment approaches recommended by China and the United States on the quantitative detection of cyanotoxins in surface water. We found that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit achieved a detection limit of 0.15 μg/L with a linear detection range from 0.27 μg/L to 1.87 μg/L for microcystin-LR (the most studied and widely distributed cyanotoxin). The matrix effects could be mitigated both by dilution of water samples with an optimal dilution ratio and dilution of antibody with the buffer containing phosphate buffer solution (10×), bovine serum albumin (1 %) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (0.5 %). In terms of the surface water samples being tested, the concentrations of microcystins and nodularins measured based on pretreatment approach recommended by the United States were 1- 5 times that measured based on pretreatment approach recommended by China, indicating that the pretreatment approach of China overlooks cyanotoxins. In addition, all the measured total microcystins and nodularins of the surface water samples were below the health advisory limit (1.6 μg/L) for microcystins in drinking water proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for school-age children and adults. Our research could provide significant information for outbreak warnings and risk management of harmful cyanobacterial algal blooms.
常见的蓝藻毒素，如微囊藻毒素和节球藻毒素，是由淡水系统中频繁出现的有害蓝藻水华产生的。饮用水和环境水中微囊藻毒素和节球藻毒素的常规监测需要经济高效且可靠的酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒。我们验证了自制广谱酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒的性能，并研究了两种不同的方法来减轻基质效应，以阐明中国和美国推荐的各自预处理方法对定量检测地表水中毒素的影响。我们发现，该酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒对微囊藻毒素-LR（研究最多和分布最广的蓝藻毒素）的检测限为 0.15μg/L，线性检测范围为 0.27μg/L 至 1.87μg/L。基质效应可以通过优化稀释比稀释水样和用含有磷酸盐缓冲液（10×）、牛血清白蛋白（1%）和乙二胺四乙酸（0.5%）的缓冲液稀释抗体来减轻。就测试的地表水样品而言，根据美国推荐的预处理方法测量的微囊藻毒素和节球藻毒素浓度是根据中国推荐的预处理方法测量的浓度的 1-5 倍，表明中国的预处理方法忽略了蓝藻毒素。此外，所有地表水样品中总微囊藻毒素和节球藻毒素的测量值均低于美国环境保护署为学龄儿童和成人提出的饮用水中微囊藻毒素的健康建议限值（1.6μg/L）。我们的研究可以为有害蓝藻水华的爆发预警和风险管理提供重要信息。
