College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2023 Feb;190:105320. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105320. Epub 2022 Dec 16.
Prothioconazole (PTC) is a widely used agricultural fungicide. In recent years, studies have confirmed that it exerts adverse effects on various species, including aquatic organisms, mammals, and reptiles. However, the toxicological effects of PTC on soil organisms are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the toxic effects, via oxidative stress and metabolic responses, of PTC on earthworms (Eisenia fetida). PTC exposure can induce significant changes in oxidative stress indicators, including the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the content of glutathione (GSH), which in turn affect the oxidative defense system of earthworms. In addition, metabolomics revealed that PTC exposure caused significant changes in the metabolic profiles of earthworms. The relative abundances of 16 and 21 metabolites involved in amino acids, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and energy metabolism were significantly altered after 7 and 14 days of PTC exposure, respectively. Particularly, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that multiple different metabolic pathways could be disturbed after 7 and 14 days of PTC exposure. Importantly, these alterations in oxidative stress and metabolic responses in earthworms reveal that the effects of PTC on earthworms were time dependent, and vary with exposure time. In conclusion, this study highlights that the effects of PTC on soil organisms are of serious concern.
丙硫菌唑（PTC）是一种广泛使用的农用杀菌剂。近年来，研究证实它对包括水生生物、哺乳动物和爬行动物在内的多种物种都具有不良影响。然而，PTC 对土壤生物的毒理学效应还知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了 PTC 对蚯蚓（赤子爱胜蚓）的毒性作用，通过氧化应激和代谢反应。PTC 暴露会导致氧化应激指标发生显著变化，包括超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性以及谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量，这反过来又会影响蚯蚓的氧化防御系统。此外，代谢组学研究表明，PTC 暴露会导致蚯蚓的代谢谱发生显著变化。在 PTC 暴露 7 天和 14 天后，分别有 16 种和 21 种代谢物的相对丰度发生了显著变化，这些代谢物涉及氨基酸、三羧酸（TCA）循环和能量代谢的中间产物。特别是，京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路分析表明，PTC 暴露 7 天和 14 天后，多个不同的代谢途径可能受到干扰。重要的是，蚯蚓中氧化应激和代谢反应的这些变化表明，PTC 对蚯蚓的影响具有时间依赖性，并随暴露时间而变化。总之，本研究强调了 PTC 对土壤生物的影响值得严重关注。
